Display apparatus and vehicle including the same

ABSTRACT

A display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display an image, a front member on a front surface of the display panel, a supporting member on a rear surface of the display panel, a supporting frame on a rear surface of the front member, the supporting frame configured to surround a side surface of the supporting member and support the supporting member, and a vibration generating module supported by the supporting member and configured to vibrate the display panel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. Pat. ApplicationNo. 17/359,483, filed on Jun. 25, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.Pat. Application No. 16/573,423, filed on Sep. 17, 2019, now U.S. Pat.No. 11,082,762, which claims the benefit of and priority to KoreanPatent Application No. 10-2019-0088593, filed on Jul. 22, 2019. Theentirety of each of the above prior U.S. and Korean patent applicationsis hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus and a vehicleincluding the same.

Discussion of the Related Art

Display apparatuses are equipped in home appliances and other electronicapparatuses, such as televisions (TVs), monitors, notebook computers,smartphones, tablet computers, electronic organizers, electronic pads,wearable apparatuses, watch phones, portable information apparatuses,navigation apparatuses, and automotive control display apparatuses, andare used as a screen for displaying an image.

Display apparatuses may include a display panel for displaying an imageand a sound device for outputting a sound associated with the image.However, in general display apparatuses, because a sound output from asound device may travel to a rearward or a downward direction of thedisplay apparatus, sound quality may be degraded due to interferencebetween sounds reflected from a wall and the ground. For this reason, itmay be difficult to transfer an accurate sound, and an immersionexperience of a viewer is reduced.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, an embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to adisplay apparatus and a vehicle including the same that substantiallyobviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of therelated art.

The inventors have recognized problems of general display apparatusesand have performed various experiments so that, when a user in front ofa display panel is watching an image, a traveling direction of sound istoward a front surface of the display panel. Thus, sound quality may beenhanced. Through the various experiments, the inventors have invented adisplay apparatus that may generate sound that travels to a forwardregion in front of the display panel, thereby enhancing sound quality.

An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatusand a vehicle including the same, which output a sound to a forwardregion in front of a display panel.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a displayapparatus and a vehicle including the same, which improve sound qualityand increase an immersion experience of a viewer or listener.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a displayapparatus with enhanced sound performance and sound pressurecharacteristics, and a vehicle including the display apparatus.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a displayapparatus for preventing or minimizing damage to a driving circuitcaused by a vibration of a display panel and a vehicle including thesame.

Additional advantages and features of the disclosure will be set forthin the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the inventive conceptsprovided herein. Other features and aspects of the inventive conceptsmay be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed outin the written description, or derivable therefrom, and the claimshereof as well as the appended drawings.

To achieve these and other aspects of the inventive concepts as embodiedand broadly described herein, there is provided a display apparatuscomprising a display panel configured to display an image; a frontmember on a front surface of the display panel; a supporting member on arear surface of the display panel; a supporting frame on a rear surfaceof the front member, the supporting frame configured to surround a sidesurface of the supporting member and support the supporting member; anda vibration generating module supported by the supporting member andconfigured to vibrate the display panel.

In another aspect, there is provided a display apparatus comprising adisplay panel configured to display an image; a front member on a frontsurface of the display panel; a supporting frame on a rear surface ofthe front member, the supporting frame including an opening overlappingthe display panel; a supporting member at the opening of the supportingframe, the supporting member configured to surround a side surface ofthe display panel; a printed circuit board on a rear surface of thesupporting member; and a vibration generating module supported by thesupporting member and configured to vibrate the display panel.

In another aspect, there is provided a vehicle comprising a dashboardincluding a first region facing a driver seat; and an instrument panelmodule including a first display in the first region of the dashboard,wherein the first display comprises a display apparatus including adisplay panel configured to display an image; a front member on a frontsurface of the display panel; a supporting member on a rear surface ofthe display panel; a supporting frame on a rear surface of the frontmember, the supporting frame configured to surround a side surface ofthe supporting member and support the supporting member; and a vibrationgenerating module supported by the supporting member and configured tovibrate the display panel.

In another aspect, there is provided a vehicle comprising a dashboardincluding a first region facing a driver seat, a second region facing apassenger seat, and a third region between the first region and thesecond region; an instrument panel module including a first display inthe first region of the dashboard; and an infotainment module includinga second display in the third region of the dashboard, a third displayin the second region of the dashboard, a fourth display on a rearsurface of the driver seat, and a fifth display on a rear surface of thepassenger seat, wherein at least one of the first to fifth displayscomprises a display apparatus including a display panel configured todisplay an image; a front member on a front surface of the displaypanel; a supporting member on a rear surface of the display panel; asupporting frame on a rear surface of the front member, the supportingframe configured to surround a side surface of the supporting member andsupport the supporting member; and a vibration generating modulesupported by the supporting member and configured to vibrate the displaypanel.

In another aspect, there is provided a vehicle comprising a dashboardincluding a display apparatus including a display panel configured todisplay an image; a front member on a front surface of the displaypanel; a supporting member on a rear surface of the display panel; asupporting frame on a rear surface of the front member, the supportingframe configured to surround a side surface of the supporting member andsupport the supporting member; and a vibration generating modulesupported by the supporting member and configured to vibrate the displaypanel.

The display apparatus and the vehicle including the same according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may output sound to a forwardregion in front of a display panel and may output sound with improvedsound quality, performance, and sound pressure characteristics, therebyincreasing an immersion experience of a viewer or listener.

Moreover, the display apparatus and the vehicle including the sameaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may prevent orminimize damage of a driving circuit caused by a vibration of a displaypanel, thereby enhancing the reliability of the driving circuit.

Moreover, the display apparatus and the vehicle including the sameaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may increase asound pressure level, sound quality, and reproduction band of a soundgenerated by a vibration of the display panel.

Other systems, methods, features and advantages will be, or will become,apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the followingfigures and detailed description. It is intended that all suchadditional systems, methods, features and advantages be included withinthis description, be within the scope of the present disclosure, and beprotected by the following claims. Nothing in this section should betaken as a limitation on those claims. Further aspects and advantagesare discussed below in conjunction with embodiments of the disclosure.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present disclosure areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the disclosure as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, that may be included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure andtogether with the description serve to explain various principles of thedisclosure.

FIG. 1 illustrates a display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a rear surface of a display apparatus illustrated inFIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the display apparatusillustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ illustrated inFIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ illustrated inFIG. 2 .

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III′ illustratedin FIG. 2 .

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion ‘A’ illustrated in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 8 is another cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′illustrated in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 9 is another cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′illustrated in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 10 illustrates a rear surface of a display apparatus according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a supporting frame illustrated in FIG. 10 .

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV′ illustrated inFIG. 10 .

FIG. 13 illustrates a vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a graph showing an experimental result obtained by measuringa sound pressure characteristic of a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, examples of which may be illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings.

Advantages and features of the present disclosure, and implementationmethods thereof will be clarified through following embodimentsdescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings. The presentdisclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should notbe construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather,these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thoroughand complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosureto those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the present disclosure is onlydefined by scopes of claims.

Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwisedescribed, the same drawing reference numerals should be understood torefer to the same elements, features, and structures. The relative sizeand depiction of these elements may be exaggerated for clarity,illustration, and convenience.

A shape, a size, a ratio, an angle, and a number disclosed in thedrawings for describing embodiments of the present disclosure are merelyan example, and thus, the present disclosure is not limited to theillustrated details. Like reference numerals refer to like elementsthroughout. In the following description, when the detailed descriptionof the relevant known technology is determined to unnecessarily obscurethe important point of the present disclosure, the detailed descriptionwill be omitted.

When “comprise,” “have,” and “include” described in the presentspecification are used, another part may be added unless “only” is used.The terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless referred tothe contrary.

In construing an element, the element is construed as including an erroror tolerance range although there is no explicit description of such anerror or tolerance range. In describing a position relationship, forexample, when a position relation between two parts is described as, forexample, “on,” “over,” “under,” and “next,” one or more other parts maybe disposed between the two parts unless a more limiting term, such as“just” or “direct(ly)” is used. In describing a time relationship, forexample, when the temporal order is described as, for example, “after,”“subsequent,” “next,” and “before,” a case that is not continuous may beincluded unless a more limiting term, such as “just,” “immediate(ly),”or “direct(ly)” is used.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” etc.may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements shouldnot be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguishone element from another. For example, a first element could be termed asecond element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a firstelement, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

In describing elements of the present disclosure, the terms “first,”“second,” “A,” “B,” “(a),” “(b),” etc. may be used. These terms areintended to identify the corresponding elements from the other elements,and basis, order, or number of the corresponding elements should notlimited by these terms. The expression that an element is “connected,”“coupled,” or “adhered” to another element or layer the element or layercan not only be directly connected or adhered to another element orlayer, but also be indirectly connected or adhered to another element orlayer with one or more intervening elements or layers “disposed” betweenthe elements or layers, unless otherwise specified.

The term “at least one” should be understood as including any and allcombinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example,the meaning of “at least one of a first item, a second item, and a thirditem” denotes the combination of all items proposed from two or more ofthe first item, the second item, and the third item as well as the firstitem, the second item, or the third item.

In the description of embodiments, when a structure is described asbeing positioned “on or above” or “under or below” another structure,this description should be construed as including a case in which thestructures contact each other as well as a case in which a thirdstructure is disposed therebetween. The size and thickness of eachelement shown in the drawings are given merely for the convenience ofdescription, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto, unless otherwise specified.

Features of various embodiments of the present disclosure may bepartially or overall coupled to or combined with each other, and may bevariously inter-operated with each other and driven technically as thoseskilled in the art can sufficiently understand. The embodiments of thepresent disclosure may be carried out independently from each other, ormay be carried out together in co-dependent relationship.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a display apparatus and a vehicle includingthe same according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Inadding reference numerals to elements of each of the drawings, althoughthe same elements are illustrated in other drawings, like referencenumerals may refer to like elements. In the following description, whenthe detailed description of the relevant known function or configurationis determined to unnecessarily obscure the present disclosure, thedetailed description may be omitted. Also, for convenience ofdescription, a scale of each of elements illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings differs from a real scale, and thus, is not limited to a scaleillustrated in the drawings.

When a driving circuit of a display apparatus is directly disposed on arear surface of a display panel, the inventors have recognized a problemwhere a desired sound is not transferred via vibration of a vibrationgenerating module to the display panel due to the driving circuit. Also,when the vibration generating module is applied to an automotive displayapparatus having a relatively small size, the inventors have recognizeda problem where the driving circuit is damaged by a vibration of thevibration generating module. Therefore, the inventors have performedvarious experiments for decreasing the damage to the driving circuitcaused by the vibration generating module. Through the variousexperiments, the inventors have invented a display apparatus having anew structure, which may prevent the driving circuit from being damagedby the vibration generating module, decrease a contact between thedriving circuit and the display panel to reduce a vibration caused bythe driving circuit, and enhance a sound of the vibration generatingmodule.

FIG. 1 illustrates a display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 1 , the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may output sound DVS (or a displayvibration sound) according to a vibration of a display panel 30 fordisplaying an image. Therefore, the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may output the sound DVS using thedisplay panel 30 as a vibration plate, and thus, may output the soundDVS to a forward region FD in front of a screen of the display panel 30.The display apparatus may thereby transfer an accurate sound, improvesound quality, and increase an immersion experience of a viewer or alistener.

FIG. 2 illustrates a rear surface of the display apparatus illustratedin FIG. 1 . FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the displayapparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 . FIG. 4 is a cross-sectionalview taken along line I-I′ illustrated in FIG. 2 . FIG. 5 is across-sectional view taken along line II-II′ illustrated in FIG. 2 .FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III′ illustratedin FIG. 2 .

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 6 , a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include a front member 10, adisplay panel 30, a supporting member 50, a supporting frame 70, and avibration generating module 90.

The front member 10 may configure a foremost structure of the displayapparatus and may protect a screen of the display panel 30. The frontmember 10 may be disposed (or provided) on a front surface of thedisplay panel 30. For example, the front member 10 may cover (oroverlay) the front surface of the display panel 30 to protect thedisplay panel 30 from an external impact. Also, the front member 10 mayvibrate along with the vibration of the display panel 30 to generate asound DVS.

The front member 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay include a transparent plastic material, a glass material, or atempered glass material. For example, the front member 10 may includeone of sapphire glass and gorilla glass or a stacked structure thereof,but is not limited thereto. As another example, the front member 10 mayinclude a transparent plastic material such as polyethyleneterephthalate(PET). The front member 10 may include tempered glass based on a scratchresistance and transparency. For example, the front member 10 may be a“front structure,” a “front window,” a “cover window,” a “glass window,”a “cover screen,” a “screen cover,” or a “window glass,” but the term isnot limited thereto.

With reference to FIG. 3 , the front member 10 may cover (or overlay) anon-display area other than a display area of the display panel 30. Thefront member 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mayinclude a transparent area 11 overlapping the display area of thedisplay panel 30 and a light blocking area 13 overlapping thenon-display area of the display panel 30. The light blocking area 13 maycover not only the non-display area of the display panel 30 but also thenon-display area where an image is not displayed on the displayapparatus.

The front member 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay have a polygonal shape such as a rectangular shape or a squareshape, or may have a non-polygonal shape including at least one sidehaving a curve shape.

The display panel 30 may be disposed on a rear surface (or a backsurface) of the front member 10 and may display an image. The displaypanel 30 may act as a touch sensor that senses a user touch applied tothe front member 10. The display panel 30 may output the sound DVSaccording (or responding) to a vibration of the vibration generatingmodule 90, or may generate a haptic feedback (or a haptic vibration)responding to the user touch.

The display panel 30 may be disposed on the rear surface of the frontmember 10 through a bonding process using a panel bonding member or atransparent adhesive member. The panel bonding member may include apressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), an optically clear adhesive (OCA), oran optically clear resin (OCR), but is not limited thereto.

The display panel 30 may include a self-emitting display panel or acurved type self-emitting display panel. For example, the display panel30 may include a light-emitting display panel, a micro light-emittingdiode display panel, a flexible light-emitting display panel, or aflexible micro light-emitting diode display panel, but is not limitedthereto.

The display panel 30 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may have a polygonal shape such as a rectangular shape or asquare shape, or may have a non-polygonal shape including at least oneside having a curve shape. The display panel 30 may have a shape that isthe same as or different from that of the front member 10. For example,the front member 10 may have a rectangular shape, and the display panel30 may have a rectangular shape having a size that is less than that ofthe front member 10. As another example, the front member 10 may have anon-polygonal shape, and the display panel 30 may have a non-polygonalshape or a rectangular shape each having a size that is less than thatof the front member 10.

With reference to FIG. 4 , the display panel 30 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include a pixel array substrate31 comprising a pixel array layer 31 b including a plurality of pixelsand an encapsulation layer 33 covering (or overlaying) the pixel arraylayer 31 b.

The pixel array substrate 31 may include a base substrate 31 a and thepixel array layer 31 b disposed on the base substrate 31 a.

The base substrate 31 a may include a plastic material or a glassmaterial.

The pixel array layer 31 b may comprise a pixel array including theplurality of pixels provided in the display area on the base substrate31 a.

The plurality of pixels may be respectively provided in a plurality ofpixel areas defined by a plurality of pixel driving lines including aplurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines. Each of theplurality of pixels according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay include a pixel circuit having at least two thin film transistors(TFTs) and at least one capacitor, and a light-emitting device layerthat emits light with a current supplied from the pixel circuit.

The light-emitting device layer in each of the plurality of pixels mayinclude a first electrode connected to a corresponding pixel circuit, alight-emitting device on the first electrode, and a second electrode on(or connected to) the light-emitting device. For example, thelight-emitting device may include an organic light-emitting layer or aquantum dot light-emitting layer. As another example, the light-emittingdevice may include a micro light-emitting diode, but is not limitedthereto.

The light-emitting device layer according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may have a top emission structure (or a frontemission structure) where light emitted from the light-emitting devicepasses through the encapsulation layer 33 and is transferred (oroutputted) toward the front member 10. For example, in thelight-emitting device layer based on the top emission structure (or thefront emission structure), the first electrode may be a reflectiveelectrode, and the second electrode may be a transparent electrode. Forexample, the first electrode may include a light reflecting material,and the second electrode may include a light transmitting material.

According to another embodiment, the light-emitting device layer mayhave a bottom emission structure (or a lower emission structure) wherelight emitted from the light-emitting device passes through the pixelarray substrate 31 and is transferred (or outputted) toward the frontmember 10. For example, in the light-emitting device layer based on thebottom emission structure (or the lower emission structure), the firstelectrode may be a transparent electrode, and the second electrode maybe a reflective electrode. The first electrode may include a lighttransmitting material, and the second electrode may include a lightreflecting material. However, the present disclosure is not limitedthereto, and the light-emitting device layer may have a dual emissionstructure.

With reference to FIG. 4 , the pixel array substrate 31 may furtherinclude a gate driving circuit 31 c that is disposed in the non-displayarea of the base substrate 31 a.

The gate driving circuit 31 c may be disposed in the non-display area ofthe base substrate 31 a and may be connected to the plurality of gatelines. The gate driving circuit 31 c may be disposed in at least one ofa left non-display area and a right non-display area of the basesubstrate 31 a. For example, the gate driving circuit 31 c may beimplemented with a shift register including a plurality of transistorsin the non-display area through a process of forming a TFT in each ofthe plurality of pixel areas. In this case, the gate driving circuit 31c may be a built-in gate driving circuit or a built-in gate driver, butthe term is not limited thereto.

With reference to FIGS. 3 to 6 , the encapsulation layer 33 may be onthe pixel array substrate 31 to surround the pixel array layer 31 b, andthus, may prevent or block penetration of oxygen and/or water into thelight-emitting device of the pixel array layer 31 b. The encapsulationlayer 33 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be ina multilayer structure where an organic material layer and an inorganicmaterial layer are alternately stacked, but is not limited thereto. Theinorganic material layer may prevent or block penetration of oxygenand/or water into the light-emitting device. Also, the organic materiallayer may have a thickness that is thicker than that of the inorganicmaterial layer, so as to cover particles occurring in a manufacturingprocess, but is not limited thereto.

The display panel 30 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a protection substrate on theencapsulation layer 33. The protection substrate (or an encapsulationsubstrate) may be disposed on or coupled to a front surface of theencapsulation layer 33 by a filler or an adhesive. For example, when thelight-emitting device layer has the top emission structure, theprotection substrate may include a transparent material. As anotherexample, when the light-emitting device layer has the bottom emissionstructure, the protection substrate may include a transparent material,an opaque material, or a metal material. For example, when thelight-emitting device layer has the top emission structure, theprotection substrate may be omitted.

The display panel 30 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include an optical film.

The optical film may be a polarizing film that prevents or minimizesreflection of external light to enhance the visibility and contrastratio of the display panel 30. The polarizing film may circularlypolarize the external light reflected by the TFT and/or the pixeldriving lines provided on the pixel array substrate 31, therebypreventing or minimizing reflection of the external light.

When the light-emitting device layer has the top emission structure, theoptical film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may bedisposed (or attached) on an upper surface (or a front surface) of theencapsulation layer 33 by a transparent adhesive member. When thedisplay panel 30 includes the optical film, the protection substrate maybe omitted.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, when thelight emitting device layer has the bottom emission structure, theoptical film may be disposed (or attached) on a rear surface of thepixel array substrate 31 by a transparent adhesive member.

The display panel 30 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a touch electrode layer for sensing auser touch applied to the front member 10.

The touch electrode layer may include a plurality of touch electrodesfor sensing the user touch. Each of the plurality of touch electrodesmay act as a touch sensor for sensing the user touch, based on a mutualcapacitance type or a self-capacitance type.

The touch electrode layer according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be implemented as a touch panel including the pluralityof touch electrodes. For example, when the light-emitting device layerhas the top emission structure, an add-on type touch panel may bedisposed on or coupled to the encapsulation layer 33 or the opticalfilm, and when the light-emitting device layer has the bottom emissionstructure, the add-on type touch panel may be on or coupled to the rearsurface of the pixel array substrate 31.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the touchelectrode layer may be directly on the encapsulation layer 33, based onan in-cell type. For example, when the light-emitting device layer hasthe top emission structure, an in-cell type touch electrode layer may bedirectly on the front surface of the encapsulation layer 33.

The display panel 30 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a color filter layer on the encapsulationlayer 33 to overlap each of the plurality of pixels. The light-emittingdevice provided in each of the plurality of pixels may emit white light.For example, when the light-emitting device layer has the top emissionstructure, the color filter layer may be on the encapsulation layer 33.As another example, when the light-emitting device layer has the bottomemission structure, the color filter layer may be in the pixel arraylayer 31 b.

The display panel 30 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a back plate 35.

The back plate 35 may have the same shape as that of the pixel arraysubstrate 31. For example, when the light-emitting device layer has thetop emission structure, the back plate 35 may be on the rear surface (ora back surface) of the pixel array substrate 31 by a transparentadhesive member. As another example, when the light-emitting devicelayer has the bottom emission structure, the back plate 35 may be aprotection substrate.

The back plate 35 may increase stiffness of the display panel 30 and maydissipate heat that occurs in the display panel 30. The back plate 35according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a metalmaterial having a high thermal conductivity. For example, the back plate35 may include one or more of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag),and magnesium (Mg) or an alloy thereof or may include a stainless steelmaterial, but is not limited thereto. The back plate 35 may be a “heatdiffusion sheet,” a “heat diffusion layer,” a “heat diffusion plate,” a“heat sink,” a “heat dissipation sheet,” a “heat dissipation layer,” ora “heat dissipation plate,” but the term is not limited thereto.

With reference to FIG. 3 , the supporting member 50 may be on a rearsurface (or a back surface) of the display panel 30 and may cover (oroverlay) the rear surface of the display panel 30. The supporting member50 may support or accommodate the vibration generating module 90. Thesupporting member 50 may have the same shape as that of the displaypanel 30 and may be accommodated into or supported by the supportingframe 70.

The supporting member 50 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a metal material or a metal alloy material eachhaving a thickness of 0.5 mm or less, for decreasing a weight of thedisplay apparatus. For example, the supporting member 50 may include onematerial of Al, an Al alloy, a Mg alloy, an iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) alloy,and stainless steel, or an alloy thereof or may have a junctionstructure, but is not limited thereto. The supporting member 50 may be a“rear cover,” a “back cover,” or a “rear member,” but the term is notlimited thereto.

The supporting member 50 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a supporting plate 51 and a side portion 53. Thesupporting plate 51 may be a “cover plate,” but the term is not limitedthereto. The side portion 53 may include a “sidewall” and a “coversidewall,” but the term is not limited thereto.

The supporting plate 51 may be disposed to face the rear surface (orback surface) of the display panel 30 and may cover (or overlay) therear surface of the display panel 30.

The side portion 53 may be bent from a periphery portion of thesupporting plate 51. The side portion 53 may surround side surfaces ofthe display panel 30, protect the side surfaces of the display panel 30,and increase stiffness of the supporting member 50.

The side portion 53 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay be spaced apart from the rear surface of the display panel 30. Anuppermost surface (or an end) of the side portion 53 may be spaced apartfrom the rear surface (or back surface) of the front member 10 withrespect to a thickness direction Z of the display panel 30. For example,the side portion 53 may directly contact the rear surface of the frontmember 10, but in this case, when the display panel 30 vibrates based ona vibration of the vibration generating module 90, the front member 10may physically contact the side portion 53. Due to this, a noise mayoccur or the vibration of the display panel 30 may decrease, causing areduction in quality of a sound DVS generated by the vibration of thedisplay panel 30. Therefore, a height of the side portion 53 may be setto a range that allows the side portion 53 not to directly contact therear surface of the front member 10 that vibrates along with thevibration of the display panel 30.

When the supporting member 50 does not have sufficient stiffness, theinventors have recognized a problem where the supporting member 50absorbs a portion of energy of the vibration generating module 90. Forexample, because the supporting member 50 absorbs the energy of thevibration generating module 90, an insufficient vibration correspondingto the amount of energy absorbed by the supporting member 50 may betransferred to the display panel 30. Therefore, due to the insufficientvibration of the vibration generating module 90, it may be difficult forthe display panel 30 to output a sufficient sound. For this reason, whenthe energy or vibration of the vibration generating module 90 is lost,the inventors have recognized a problem where it is difficult for thedisplay panel 30 to output a desired sound. Therefore, the inventorshave performed various experiments for increasing or reinforcingstiffness of the supporting member 50. Another structure may beadditionally provided in the supporting member 50 to increase stiffnessof the supporting member 50, but in this case, there may be a problemwhere a thickness of the display apparatus is thickened. Through thevarious experiments, the inventors have provided a forming portion oraccommodating portion (or a stiffness reinforcement structure) in thesupporting member 50, for increasing or reinforcing stiffness of thesupporting member 50 without any increase in thickness of the displayapparatus. This is described below.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 5 , the supporting member 50 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may further include oneaccommodating portion 55 or a plurality of accommodating portions 55.The plurality of accommodating portions 55 may be arranged in parallelwith each other. The accommodating portion 55 may support the vibrationgenerating module 90 and may increase or reinforce stiffness of thesupporting member 50. The accommodating portion 55 may minimize anincrease in thickness (or height) of the display apparatus caused by athickness (or a height) of the vibration generating module 90, therebyslimming the display apparatus.

The accommodating portion 55 may be provided to be concave from thesupporting plate 51. For example, the accommodating portion 55 mayprotrude from the supporting plate 51 in a rearward direction oppositeto a forward direction toward the rear surface of the display panel 30,and thus, may be concavely provided on the supporting plate 51. However,the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The accommodating portion55 may be a “groove portion,” a “concave portion,” a “protrusionportion,” an “engraved portion,” an “forming portion,” or a “stiffnessreinforcement portion,” but the term is not limited thereto.

The supporting member 50 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a first accommodating portion 55 a and a secondaccommodating portion 55 b, which are concavely provided in thesupporting plate 51. The first accommodating portion 55 a and the secondaccommodating portion 55 b may be disposed in parallel with each other.The shape of first accommodating portion 55 a and the secondaccommodating portion 55 b may be provided to be concave, but the shapeis not limited thereto.

The first accommodating portion 55 a may be concavely provided in afirst region of the supporting plate 51 overlapping a first rear surfaceof the display panel 30. For example, the first accommodating portion 55a may be concavely provided in the first region of the supporting plate51 overlapping a left rear region of the display panel 30 with respectto a first length center portion of the display panel 30 parallel to afirst direction X.

The second accommodating portion 55 b may be concavely provided in asecond region of the supporting plate 51 overlapping a second rearsurface of the display panel 30. For example, the second accommodatingportion 55 b may be concavely provided in the second region of thesupporting plate 51 overlapping a right rear region of the display panel30 with respect to the first length center portion of the display panel30 parallel to the first direction X.

Each of the first accommodating portion 55 a and the secondaccommodating portion 55 b may include a bottom surface and an inclinedsurface between the bottom surface and the supporting plate 51.

The supporting member 50 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a hole 57 in the accommodating portion55. The hole 57 may act as a cable through hole or a cable hole, throughwhich a signal cable connected to the vibration generating module 90passes. For example, the hole 57 may be provided to pass through theinclined surface of the accommodating portion 55.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 6 , the supporting frame 70 may surroundside surfaces of the supporting member 50 and may support the supportingmember 50. The supporting frame 70 may be on an outermost surface of thedisplay apparatus and may be directly exposed at the outside of thedisplay apparatus. The supporting frame 70 may be an “outermost frame,”an “outermost mold material,” an “outermost mechanism,” a “guide frame,”a “guide panel,” an “edge frame,” or a “mold frame,” but the term is notlimited thereto. The supporting frame 70 may have the same shape as thatof the front member 10.

The supporting frame 70 may be on the rear surface of the front member10. The supporting frame 70 may be disposed at a rear periphery portionof the front member 10.

The supporting frame 70 may be disposed at (or connected to) the rearperiphery portion of the front member 10 by a first connection member(or a frame connection member) 20.

The first connection member 20 may be disposed (or connected) betweenthe rear periphery portion of the front member 10 and the supportingframe 70, and thus, the supporting frame 70 may be disposed on (orconnected to) the rear surface of the front member 10. The firstconnection member 20 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include an adhesive resin, a double-sided tape having anadhesive layer, or a double-sided foam pad having the adhesive layer,but is not limited thereto. In the first connection member 20 accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure, the adhesive resin or theadhesive layer may include an acryl-based or urethane-based adhesivematerial, but are not limited thereto. For example, in the firstconnection member 20 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the adhesive resin or the adhesive layer may include aurethane-based adhesive material that has a relatively ductilecharacteristic rather unlike an acryl-based adhesive material having acharacteristic that is relatively high in hardness, for preventing orminimizing the transfer of a vibration of the front member 10 to thesupporting frame 70.

The supporting frame 70 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a connection portion 71 and a supporting portion73.

The connection portion (or connection part) 71 may be on the rearsurface of the front member 10. For example, the connection portion 71may be disposed at the rear periphery portion of the front member 10,and include an opening 70 a to overlap the display panel 30. Theconnection portion 71 may be disposed at the rear surface of the frontmember 10 and may surround the side surfaces of the supporting member50. For example, the connection portion 71 may be disposed at the rearperiphery portion of the front member 10 using the first connectionmember 20 and may be supported by the front member 10 to surround theside surfaces of the supporting member 50.

The connection portion 71 may have the same shape as that of the frontmember 10. For example, the connection portion 71 may have a polygonalshape or a non-polygonal shape, which is the same as that of the frontmember 10. A total height (or thickness) of the connection portion 71according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be greater orhigher than a total height of the supporting member 50.

The connection portion 71 may include first to fourth inner surfaces 71a to 71 d (shown in FIG. 11 ). The first to fourth inner surfaces 71 ato 71 d of the connection portion 71 may surround the side portion 53 ofthe supporting member 50.

The opening 70 a of the connection portion 71 may be formed by the firstto fourth inner surfaces 71 a to 71 d of the connection portion 71. Theopening 70 a of the connection portion 71 may accommodate the supportingmember 50. The opening 70 a of the connection portion 71 may have thesame shape as that of the display panel 30 and may have a size that isgreater than that of the display panel 30. The opening 70 a of theconnection portion 71 may have a polygonal shape or a non-polygonalshape, which is the same as that of the front member 10.

The supporting portion 73 may protrude from an inner surface of theconnection portion 71 to the opening 70 a and may support the supportingmember 50. For example, the supporting portion 73 may support at leastthree surfaces among the rear periphery portion of the supporting member50. The supporting portion 73 may be a “supporting part,” a “proppingportion,” a “cover supporting portion,” or a “cover propping portion,”but the term is not limited thereto.

The supporting portion 73 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include first to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 cthat protrude to the opening 70 a of the connection portion 71 from thesecond to fourth inner surfaces 71 b to 71 d other than the first innersurface 71 a parallel to a first periphery portion of the display panel30 among the first to fourth inner surfaces 71 a to 71 d of theconnection portion 71 configuring the opening 70 a.

Each of the first to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 c (shown inFIG. 11 ) may include a stepped surface that is stepped from anuppermost surface of the connection portion 71. For example, a stepheight (or a height) between the stepped surface (or an upper surface)of each of the first to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 c and theuppermost surface of the connection portion 71 may be higher in heightthan the side portion 53 of the supporting member 50.

Each of the first to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 c according toan embodiment of the present disclosure may be disposed at the rearperiphery portion of the supporting member 50. For example, each of thefirst to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 c may support the rearperiphery portion of the supporting member 50. For example, the first tothird supporting portions 73 a to 73 c may be respectively disposed atfirst to third rear periphery portions of the supporting member 50 by asecond connection member (or a cover connection member) 60. Accordingly,the supporting member 50 may be accommodated or stored into the opening70 a of the supporting frame 70. For example, the supporting member 50may be disposed in the supporting frame 70 by the second connectionmember 60 and may be accommodated or stored into the opening 70 a of thesupporting frame 70.

The second connection member 60 may include an adhesive resin, adouble-sided tape having an adhesive layer, or a double-sided foam padhaving the adhesive layer, but is not limited thereto. For example, thesecond connection member 60 may include the same adhesive resin, thedouble-sided tape, or the double-sided foam pad as those of the firstconnection member 20, but is not limited thereto.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 5 , the vibration generating module 90 maybe disposed (or connected) between the supporting member 50 and thedisplay panel 30. The vibration generating module 90 may be supported bythe supporting member 50 and may vibrate the display panel 30. Thevibration generating module 90 may vibrate according to a driving signalincluding a sound signal or a haptic feedback signal to directly vibratethe display panel 30, and thus, may output the sound DVS by thevibration of the display panel 30 or may generate a haptic feedback (ora haptic vibration) responding to a user touch.

The vibration generating module 90 may be implemented as a soundgenerating device including a coil (or a voice coil) and a magnet. Thevibration generating module 90 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a bobbin and a coil wound around the bobbin, andthe bobbin may contact the rear surface of the display panel 30.

The vibration generating module 90 may include one sound generator or aplurality of sound generators, such as sound generators 90-1 and 90-2.The sound generators 90-1 and 90-2 may be disposed in or accommodated(or stored) into the accommodating portion 55 in the supporting member50 and may vibrate the display panel 30. For example, the soundgenerators 90-1 and 90-2 may each include a bobbin and a coil woundaround the bobbin, and the bobbin may contact the rear surface of thedisplay panel 30.

The vibration generating module 90 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include a first sound generator 90-1 forvibrating the first rear surface of the display panel 30 and a secondsound generator 90-2 for vibrating the second rear surface of thedisplay panel 30.

The first sound generator 90-1 may be supported by or accommodated (orstored) into the first accommodating portion 55 a in the supportingmember 50, and may be on the first rear surface of the display panel 30.The first sound generator 90-1 may vibrate based on a first drivingsignal including a sound signal or a haptic feedback signal to directlyvibrate the first rear surface of the display panel 30, and thus, mayoutput a sound DVS by the vibration of the display panel 30 or maygenerate a haptic feedback (or a haptic vibration) responding to a usertouch.

The second sound generator 90-2 may be supported by or accommodated (orstored) into the second accommodating portion 55 b in the supportingmember 50 and may be on the second rear surface of the display panel 30.The second sound generator 90-2 may vibrate based on a second drivingsignal including a sound signal or a haptic feedback signal to directlyvibrate the second rear surface of the display panel 30, and thus, maygenerate a sound DVS by the vibration of the display panel 30.

The first driving signal and the second driving signal may be the sameor differ. For example, the first driving signal may include a leftsound signal or a first haptic feedback signal corresponding to a firstregion (or a left region) A1 of the display panel 30. The second drivingsignal may include a right sound signal or a second haptic feedbacksignal corresponding to a second region (or a right region) A2 of thedisplay panel 30.

Each of the first and second sound generators 90-1 and 90-2 may be a“vibration unit,” an “actuator,” an “exciter,” or a “transducer,” butthe term is not limited thereto.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 6 , the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may further include a drivingcircuit 40 and a circuit protection portion 110.

The driving circuit 40 may be on the rear surface of the supportingmember 50, and may be connected to the display panel 30. For example,the driving circuit 40 may be connected to a pad part 31 d provided atthe first periphery portion (or one periphery portion) of the displaypanel 30. The driving circuit 40 may be implemented to display an imageon the plurality of pixels provided on the pixel array substrate 31 ofthe display panel 30. For example, an image may be displayed on thedisplay area of the display panel 30. The driving circuit 40 may sense auser touch through the plurality of touch electrodes disposed on thetouch electrode layer of the display panel 30.

The driving circuit 40 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include at least one flexible circuit film 41, at leastone data driving integrated circuit (IC) 42, and a printed circuit board(PCB) 43. For example, the driving circuit 40 may include the at leastone flexible circuit film 41, a plurality of data driving ICs 42, and aPCB 43.

The at least one flexible circuit film 41 may be connected to at leastone pad parts 31 d, provided at a first periphery portion (or oneperiphery portion) of the pixel array substrate 31 of the display panel30, through a space between the side surface of the supporting member 50and the supporting frame 70. The plurality of pad parts 31 d may bearranged by certain intervals in the first direction X. Therefore, theat least one flexible circuit film 41 may be connected to the pluralityof pad parts 31 d arranged at certain intervals, and thus, may bearranged by certain intervals in the first direction X. For example, theat least one flexible circuit film 41 may be disposed in the pad part 31d in the display panel 30 through a film attaching process using ananisotropic conductive film.

The at least one flexible circuit film 41 may surround the rear surfaceof the supporting member 50. For example, the at least one flexiblecircuit film 41 may be bent (or folded) from the pad part 31 d to therear surface of the supporting member 50. For example, the otherportion, except one portion, of the at least one flexible circuit film41 may be bent (or folded) toward the rear surface of the supportingmember 50 through a space between a side surface of the supportingmember 50 and the supporting frame 70. Therefore, as illustrated inFIGS. 5 and 6 , a bending portion (or a folding portion) of the at leastone flexible circuit film 41 that is bent (or folded) from the pad part3 1d in parallel with the side portion 53 of the supporting member 50may be covered by the supporting frame 70 (for example, a first innersurface 71 a of the connection portion 71), and thus, may be protectedby the supporting frame 70 without being exposed at the outside of aside surface of the display apparatus.

The plurality of data driving ICs 42 may be respectively mounted on theat least one flexible circuit film 41 or may be respectively mounted onthe plurality of flexible circuit films 41. Each of the plurality ofdata driving ICs 42 may be mounted on a corresponding flexible circuitfilm 41 through a chip bonding process or a surface mounting process.Each of the plurality of data driving ICs 42 may convert input digitalpixel data into an analog data signal based on a data control signal andmay supply the analog data signal to a corresponding pixel.

The PCB 43 may be connected to the at least one flexible circuit film 41in common. The PCB 43 may be electrically connected to the other portionof the at least one flexible circuit film 41 through a film attachingprocess using an anisotropic conductive film and may be disposed at afirst rear periphery portion of the supporting member 50, based onbending of the at least one flexible circuit film 41. For example, thePCB 43 may be disposed at the first rear periphery portion of thesupporting member 50 by a first adhesive member such as a double-sidedtape. The first rear periphery portion of the supporting member 50 maybe a region of the rear surface of the supporting member 50 where the atleast one flexible circuit film 41 and the PCB 43 are disposed. Forexample, the first rear periphery portion of the supporting member 50may be referred to as one portion of the rear portion of the supportingmember 50.

For example, when the display apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure is applied to an automotive display apparatushaving a size that is relatively less than that of a display apparatusfor large-screen televisions (TVs), a size of the PCB 43 on the rearsurface of the display panel 30 may correspond to about 20% to 30% of asize of the display panel 30, and the PCB 43 may be placed or disposedin a vibration region of the display panel 30 based on a vibration ofthe vibration generating module 90. Therefore, in a case where the PCB43 is disposed to directly contact the rear surface of the display panel30, as a vibration of the display panel 30 for a sound DVS is directlytransferred to the PCB 43, the PCB 43 may be damaged or detachmentbetween the PCB 43 and the flexible circuit film 41 may occur due to thevibration of shaking of the PCB 43, and the data driving IC 42 may bedamaged due to the vibration of shaking of the flexible circuit film 41caused by the vibration of shaking of the PCB 43. Therefore, in anembodiment of the present disclosure, the PCB 43 may be between the rearsurface of the display panel 30 and the supporting member 50 so as notto directly contact the rear surface of the display panel 30, and thus,may prevent or minimize the transfer of the vibration of the displaypanel 30 to the PCB 43, thereby preventing or minimizing the damage ofthe PCB 43 caused by the vibration of the display panel 30 andpreventing or minimizing detachment between the flexible circuit film 41and the PCB 43 and the damage of the data driving IC 42.

The driving circuit 40 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a control board 44, a signal transfer member 45,a timing control circuit 46, and a user connector 47.

The control board 44 may be connected to the PCB 43 through the signaltransfer member 45. The control board 44 may be connected to a displayhost system (or a display driving system) through the user connector 47.The control board 44 may supply the timing control circuit 46 with atiming synchronization signal and video data each supplied from thedisplay host system and may supply digital pixel data, output from thetiming control circuit 46, to the data driving IC 42 through the signaltransfer member 45, the PCB 43, and the flexible circuit film 41.

The control board 44 may further include a voltage generating circuitthat generates various driving voltages needed for driving of thedisplay apparatus.

The timing control circuit 46 may be mounted on the control board 44 andmay receive the timing synchronization signal and the video data eachsupplied from the display host system through the user connector 47. Forexample, the timing synchronization signal may include a verticalsynchronization signal, a horizontal synchronization signal, a dataenable signal, and a main clock signal.

The timing control circuit 46 may generate a gate control signal forcontrolling a driving timing of a gate driving circuit and a datacontrol signal for controlling a driving timing of each of the pluralityof data driving ICs 42 based on the timing synchronization signal. Forexample, the gate control signal may include at least one gate startsignal and a plurality of gate shift clocks. The data control signal mayinclude a source start signal, a source shift clock, and a source outputenable signal.

The timing control circuit 46 may be mounted on the PCB 43 instead ofthe control board 44. Also, the voltage generating circuit may bemounted on the PCB 43 instead of the control board 44. In this case, thecontrol board 44 may be omitted.

The driving circuit 40 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a touch driving circuit connected to thetouch electrode layer of the display panel 30.

The touch driving circuit may sense a user touch through each of theplurality of touch electrodes disposed on the touch electrode layer togenerate touch raw data and may provide coordinate information about theuser touch to the display host system based on the generated touch rawdata.

The display host system may include a main board, various circuitsmounted on the main board, various storage mediums, a peripheral device,a keyboard, and a power device. The various circuits mounted on the mainboard may include a central control circuit for processing variousinformation, an image processing circuit for processing data accordingto control by the central control circuit, and a sound processingcircuit for processing a sound according to control by the centralcontrol circuit. The display host system may process variousinformation, generate the timing synchronization signal and the videodata to provide the timing synchronization signal and the video data tothe control board 44, and may generate a driving signal including asound signal or a haptic feedback signal to provide the driving signalto the control board 44. For example, the sound signal may besynchronized with the video data, or may not be synchronized with thevideo data.

The display host system may execute an application program associatedwith touch coordinates corresponding to coordinate information about auser touch provided from the touch driving circuit, or may perform auser interface based on touch drawing of a user. Also, the display hostsystem may generate a driving signal including a haptic feedback signalcorresponding to the coordinate information about the user touchprovided from the touch driving circuit.

The circuit protection portion 110 may be on the rear surface of thesupporting member 50, and may be on a rear surface of the drivingcircuit 40. For example, the circuit protection portion 110 may be onthe rear surface of the supporting member 50, and may cover (or overlay)the driving circuit 40 on the rear surface of the supporting member 50.The circuit protection portion 110 may protect the driving circuit 40from an external impact, and may protect the driving circuit 40 fromstatic electricity flowing from the outside to the driving circuit 40.For example, the circuit protection portion 110 may have a T-shape thatcovers (or overlays) the driving circuit 40 disposed on the rear surfaceof the supporting member 50, but the shape is not limited thereto.

The circuit protection portion 110 may be disposed in the supportingmember 50 by a plurality of connection members 111, and thus, may cover(or overlay) the other portion of each of the plurality of flexiblecircuit films 41 on the rear surface of the supporting member 50, thePCB 43, the control board 44, and the signal transfer member 45 and mayexternally expose only the user connector 47 mounted on the controlboard 44. Each of the plurality of connection members 111 may be ascrew, but is not limited thereto. The user connector 47 may beconnected to the display host system through a user cable.

Therefore, because the driving circuit 40 is not disposed on the rearsurface of the display panel 30, a contact between the driving circuit40 and the display panel 30 may be prevented or minimized when thevibration generating module 90 vibrates. Therefore, a sound of thedisplay panel 30 based on the vibration of the vibration generatingmodule 90 may be enhanced. For example, the driving circuit 40 may bedisposed on the rear surface (or back surface) of the supporting member50, and the vibration generating module 90 may be supported by thesupporting member 50 and the supporting frame 70. Thus, an influence ofa vibration of the driving circuit 40 on the display panel 30 may bereduced when the vibration generating module 90 vibrates, therebyenhancing a sound of the display panel 30. Also, the driving circuit 40and/or the circuit protection portion 110 may be disposed on the rearsurface of the supporting member 50 without being directly disposed onthe rear surface of the display panel 20, and thus, a vibration of thedisplay panel 30 may not be hindered by the vibration generating module90. Accordingly, a vibration region of the display panel 30 based on avibration of the vibration generating module 90 may be enlarged to awhole region of the display panel 30, and thus, a reproduction band of asound generated by a vibration of the display panel 30 may increase.

With reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 , the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may further include a heatdissipation member 130.

The heat dissipation member 130 may be on the rear surface (or backsurface) of the supporting member 50 overlapping the vibrationgenerating module 90. The heat dissipation member 130 may dissipate heatthat occurs in the vibration generating module 90 due to driving (orvibration) of the vibration generating module 90, thereby preventing orminimizing the damage of the vibration generating module 90 caused byheat. For example, the heat dissipation member 130 may include one ofAl, Cu, Ag, and Mg or an alloy thereof or may include a stainless steelmaterial, but is not limited thereto. The heat dissipation member 130may be referred to as a “heat dissipation block” or a “heat sink.”

The heat dissipation member 130 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include first and second heat dissipation members131 and 133 respectively disposed on the first and second accommodatingportions 55 a and 55 b.

The first heat dissipation member 131 may be on the rear surface of thesupporting member 50. For example, the first heat dissipation member 131may be on the rear surface of the supporting member 50 corresponding tothe first accommodating portion 55 a of the supporting member 50 using aplurality of first connection members. Each of the plurality of firstconnection members may be a screw or a bolt, but is not limited thereto.The first heat dissipation member 131 may have a size that is equal toor less than that of a bottom surface of the first accommodating portion55 a.

Each of the plurality of first connection members may be on (or coupledto) the bottom surface of the first accommodating portion 55 a to passthrough each corner portion of the first heat dissipation member 131. Asanother example, each of the plurality of first connection members maybe on (or coupled to) the first sound generator 90-1 to pass througheach corner portion of the first heat dissipation member 131 and thebottom surface of the first accommodating portion 55 a, and thus, thefirst sound generator 90-1 and the first heat dissipation member 131 maybe simultaneously on (or coupled to) the supporting member 50.

The second heat dissipation member 133 may be on the rear surface of thesupporting member 50. For example, the second heat dissipation member133 may be on the rear surface of the supporting member 50 correspondingto the second accommodating portion 55 b of the supporting member 50using a plurality of second connection members. Each of the plurality ofsecond connection members may be a screw or a bolt, but is not limitedthereto. The second heat dissipation member 133 may have a size that isequal to or less than that of a bottom surface of the secondaccommodating portion 55 b.

Each of the plurality of second connection members may be disposed on(or coupled to) the bottom surface of the second accommodating portion55 b to pass through each corner portion of the second heat dissipationmember 133. As another example, each of the plurality of secondconnection members may be on (or coupled to) the second sound generator90-2 to pass through each corner portion of the second heat dissipationmember 133 and the bottom surface of the second accommodating portion 55b, and thus, the second sound generator 90-2 and the second heatdissipation member 133 may be simultaneously on (or coupled to) thesupporting member 50.

Therefore, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may output a sound to a forward region in front ofthe display panel 30 using the display panel 30 as a vibration plate forgenerating a sound, thereby improving sound quality and increasing theimmersion experience of a viewer. Also, in the display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure, because thedriving circuit 40 is disposed on the rear surface of the supportingmember 50, a sound may be output through a whole-region vibration of thedisplay panel 30, thereby increasing a reproduction band of a soundgenerated by the vibration of the display panel 30. For example, thedisplay apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay output a sound of 100 Hz to 20 kHz by the vibration of the displaypanel 30, and for example, may output a sound of 300 Hz to 20 kHz at asound pressure level of 74 dB or more.

With reference to FIGS. 2 to 6 , the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may further include a reinforcementportion 150.

The reinforcement portion 150 may be on the rear surface of thesupporting frame 70 to reinforce stiffness of the supporting frame 70,and thus, may prevent or minimize distortion of the supporting frame 70caused by a vibration of the vibration generating module 90, therebypreventing or minimizing a reduction in performance of a sound DVScaused by distortion of the supporting frame 70. For example, thereinforcement portion 150 may be disposed on the rear surface of thesupporting frame 70 in parallel with a first lengthwise direction X ofthe supporting frame 70 or a second lengthwise direction Y intersectingthe first lengthwise direction X.

The reinforcement portion 150 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be disposed at a rear periphery portion of the supportingframe 70. For example, the reinforcement portion 150 may include aplurality of reinforcement portions 151 and 153 that are disposed at therear periphery portion of the supporting frame 70 in parallel with thefirst lengthwise direction X or the second lengthwise direction Y of thesupporting frame 70. For example, the reinforcement portion 150 mayinclude a first reinforcement portion 151 disposed at a first rearperiphery portion of the supporting frame 70 parallel to the firstlengthwise direction X or the second lengthwise direction Y of thesupporting frame 70 and a second reinforcement portion 153 disposed at asecond rear periphery portion of the supporting frame 70 in parallelwith the first reinforcement portion 151. For example, when thesupporting frame 70 has a long rectangular shape where a widthwisedirection is longer than a lengthwise direction, each of the firstreinforcement portion 151 and the second reinforcement portion 153 maybe disposed at the rear periphery portion of the supporting frame 70parallel to the widthwise direction (or the lengthwise direction) of thesupporting frame 70. For example, when the supporting frame 70 has asquare shape, each of the first reinforcement portion 151 and the secondreinforcement portion 153 may be disposed at the rear periphery portionof the supporting frame 70 parallel to the widthwise direction (or thelengthwise direction) of the supporting frame 70.

Each of the first reinforcement portion 151 and the second reinforcementportion 153 may include a metal material. For example, each of the firstreinforcement portion 151 and the second reinforcement portion 153 mayhave a bar shape including a protrusion portion or a stiffnessreinforcement structure. However, the present disclosure is not limitedthereto, and each of the first reinforcement portion 151 and the secondreinforcement portion 153 may have a cross-sectional structure having a“-”-shape, a “┴”-shape, or a “┴┴”-shape.

Each of the first and second reinforcement portions 151 and 153 may bedisposed on (or connected to) the rear surface of the supporting frame70. For example, each of the first and second reinforcement portions 151and 153 may be coupled or connected to the rear surface of thesupporting frame 70 by a plurality of third connection members 155. Eachof the plurality of third connection members 155 may be a screw or abolt, but is not limited thereto. Each of the plurality of thirdconnection members 155 may be disposed on (or connected to) the rearsurface of the supporting frame 70 to pass through one periphery portionand the other periphery portion of each of the first and secondreinforcement portions 151 and 153 overlapping the rear surface of thesupporting frame 70. Thus, each of the first and second reinforcementportions 151 and 153 may be disposed on (or connected to) the rearsurface of the supporting frame 70.

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a stiff portion 170.

The stiff portion 170 may be disposed across a region from the firstaccommodating portion 55 a to the second accommodating portion 55 b eachprovided in the supporting member 50 to reinforce stiffness of thesupporting member 50. The stiff portion 170 may act as a supporter thatsupports the vibration generating module 90, and thus, may help transfera vibration of the vibration generating module 90 to the display panel30. For example, in a case where only the supporting member 50 supportsthe vibration generating module 90, because a thickness of the rearcover 50 is relatively thinner than that of the front member 10, thevibration of the vibration generating module 90 may not normally betransferred to the display panel 30. Therefore, the stiff portion 170may reinforce stiffness of the supporting member 50 to prevent orminimize distortion of the supporting member 50 caused by the vibrationof the vibration generating module 90, and thus, the vibration of thevibration generating module 90 may be normally transferred to thedisplay panel 30.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, one portion of thestiff portion 170 may be disposed at the first accommodating portion 55a. For example, the one portion of the stiff portion 170 may be disposedat the first accommodating portion 55 a by a plurality of fourthconnection members 171. Each of the plurality of fourth connectionmembers 171 may be a screw or a bolt, but is not limited thereto. Theother portion of the stiff portion 170 may be disposed at the secondaccommodating portion 55 b. For example, the other portion of the stiffportion 170 may be disposed at the second accommodating portion 55 b bya plurality of fifth connection members 173. Each of the plurality offifth connection members 173 may be a screw or a bolt, but is notlimited thereto. A middle portion between the one portion and the otherportion of the stiff portion 170 may overlap the circuit protectionportion 110.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the oneportion of the stiff portion 170 may be disposed on the rear surface ofthe supporting frame 70 and at the first accommodating portion 55 a. Forexample, the one portion of the stiff portion 170 may be coupled orconnected to the rear surface of the supporting frame 70 by theplurality of fourth connection members 171 and may be disposed at thefirst accommodating portion 55 a. The other portion of the stiff portion170 may be on the rear surface of the supporting frame 70 and at thesecond accommodating portion 55 b. For example, the other portion of thestiff portion 170 may be coupled or connected to the rear surface of thesupporting frame 70 by the plurality of fifth connection members 173 andmay be disposed at the second accommodating portion 55 b.

The stiff portion 170 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be between the first and second reinforcement portions151 and 153 in parallel with each of the first and second reinforcementportions 151 and 153. The stiff portion 170 may have the same shape asthat of the first reinforcement portion 151 or the second reinforcementportion 153. A width (or a vertical length) of the stiff portion 170 maybe greater than that of the first reinforcement portion 151 or thesecond reinforcement portion 153. For example, a width (or a verticallength) of the stiff portion 170 may be the same as that of the firstaccommodating portion 55 a.

The stiff portion 170 may be disposed in a separate mechanism (orstructure) disposed on a rear surface of the display apparatus accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. The stiff portion 170 mayact as a supporter that supports the vibration generating module 90 andmay act as a prop that props the display apparatus using a separatemechanism (or structure).

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a heat dissipation member 130 between thestiff portion 170 and the accommodating portion 55 provided in thesupporting member 50.

The heat dissipation member 130 may include a first heat dissipationmember 131 between the first accommodating portion 55 a and the stiffportion 170 and a second heat dissipation member 133 between the secondaccommodating portion 55 b and the stiff portion 170. The first andsecond heat dissipation members 131 and 133 are as described above, andthus, their repetitive descriptions are omitted.

The one portion of the stiff portion 170 may be disposed at the firstheat dissipation member 131. For example, the one portion of the stiffportion 170 may be disposed at the first heat dissipation member 131 bythe plurality of fourth connection members 171. For example, each of theplurality of fourth connection members 171 may pass through the oneportion of the stiff portion 170 and may be disposed at (or fastened to)the first heat dissipation member 131. As another example, some of theplurality of fourth connection members 171 may pass through the oneportion of the stiff portion 170 and a corner portion of the first heatdissipation member 131 and may be disposed at (or fastened to) thesupporting member 50, or may additionally pass through the supportingmember 50 and may be disposed on (or fastened to) a rear surface of thefirst sound generator 90-1. The other of the plurality of fourthconnection members 171 may pass through the one portion of the stiffportion 170 and may be disposed at (or fastened to) the first heatdissipation member 131.

The other portion of the stiff portion 170 may be disposed at the secondheat dissipation member 133. For example, the other portion of the stiffportion 170 may be disposed at the second heat dissipation member 133 bythe plurality of fifth connection members 173. For example, each of theplurality of fifth connection members 173 may pass through the otherportion of the stiff portion 170 and may be disposed at (or fastened to)the second heat dissipation member 133. As another example, some of theplurality of fifth connection members 173 may pass through the otherportion of the stiff portion 170 and a corner portion of the second heatdissipation member 133 and may be disposed at (or fastened to) thesupporting member 50, or may additionally pass through the supportingmember 50 and may be disposed on (or fastened to) a rear surface of thesecond sound generator 90-2. The other of the plurality of fifthconnection members 173 may pass through the other portion of the stiffportion 170 and may be disposed at (or fastened to) the second heatdissipation member 133.

Therefore, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the reinforcement portion 150 may reinforcestiffness of the supporting frame 70 and/or the stiff portion 170 mayreinforce stiffness of the supporting member, and thus, distortion maybe prevented or minimized, thereby enhancing the performance of a soundgenerated by a vibration of the display panel 30. For example, thedisplay apparatus including the reinforcement portion 150 and/or thestiff portion 170 may output a sound of 100 Hz to 20 kHz by thevibration of the display panel 30, and for example, may output a soundof 250 Hz to 20 kHz at a sound pressure level of 74 dB or more.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 , the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may further include a partition190.

The partition 190 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay include at least one partition member 191 between the display panel30 and the supporting member 50.

The at least one partition member 191 may be between the display panel30 and the supporting member 50 and between the first rear surface andthe second rear surface of the display panel 30. The at least onepartition member 191 may spatially separate a first rear region A1 and asecond rear region A2 of the display panel 30 to provide an air gap (ora vibration space) between the display panel 30 and the supportingmember 50.

The at least one partition member 191 may separate a first sound (or aleft sound) based on a first rear vibration of the display panel 30 anda second sound (or a right sound) based on a second rear vibration ofthe display panel 30. For example, the at least one partition member 191may prevent a vibration, generated in a first region overlapping thefirst rear surface of the display panel 30 by a vibration of the firstsound generator 90-1, from being transferred to a second regionoverlapping the second rear surface of the display panel 30, or mayprevent a vibration, generated in a second region of the display panel30 by a vibration of the second sound generator 90-2, from beingtransferred to the first region of the display panel 30. Therefore, theat least one partition member 191 may attenuate or absorb a vibration ofthe display panel 30 in a center of the display panel 30, and thus, mayprevent a sound DVS generated in the first region from being transferredto the second region or may prevent a sound DVS generated in the secondregion from being transferred to the first region. The partition member191 may be a “center partition,” a “sound separation member,” a “centerenclosure,” an “enclosure,” a “center baffle,” a “baffle,” or a“partition wall,” but the term is not limited thereto.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the partition190 may include first and second partition members that are disposedbetween the display panel 30 and the supporting member 50 to surroundeach of the first and second sound generators 90-1 and 90-2 in acircular shape or a polygonal shape.

The at least one partition member 191 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include polyurethane, polyolefin, a single-sidetape, or a double-sided tape, but is not limited thereto and may includea material having elasticity that enables the partition member 191 to becompressed to a certain degree.

Therefore, the display apparatus including the partition 190 may enhancea sound output characteristic through sound separation by the partition190 and may output a 2-channel stereo sound to a forward region FD infront of the display panel 30.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion ‘A’ illustrated in FIG. 4 and isa diagram for describing a first sound generator 90-1 of a vibrationgenerating module 90 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 7 , the first sound generator 90-1 of thevibration generating module 90 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be configured to vibrate the display panel 30 with acurrent of a driving signal including a sound signal or a hapticfeedback signal each applied thereto based on Fleming’s Left Hand Rulefor Motors.

The first sound generator 90-1 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a first plate 91, a magnet 92, a center pole 93,a bobbin 94, a coil 95, a second plate 96, a damper 97, and a terminalportion 98.

The first plate 91 may be disposed at the supporting member 50 and maybe a main body of the first sound generator 90-1. The first plate 91 maysupport the magnet 92, the center pole 93, and the second plate 96. Thefirst plate 91 may include a metal material having magnetism like iron(Fe). The first plate 91 may be a “base plate,” a “lower plate,” a “baseframe,” or a “yoke,” but the term is not limited thereto.

The first plate 91 may include a groove portion 91 a that accommodatesthe magnet 92 and the bobbin 94. For example, the groove portion 91 amay be provided concavely from an upper surface of the first plate 91 tohave a circular shape, but the shape is not limited thereto.

The first plate 91 according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay be on the bottom surface of the first accommodating portion 55 a ofthe supporting member 50 using a fixing member such as an adhesive or adouble-sided tape.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, as describedabove, the first plate 91 may be on the bottom surface of the firstaccommodating portion 55 a of the supporting member 50 by the connectionmember 171 by which the reinforcement portion 150 or the stiff portion170 is placed. In this case, the first plate 91 may include an extensionportion 91 b where the connection member 171 passing through the firstaccommodating portion 55 a of the supporting member 50 is disposed.

The magnet 92, the center pole 93, the bobbin 94, and the coil 95 mayeach be referred to as a magnetic force circuit unit or a magnetic forcevibration unit, which is disposed on the first plate 91 to vibrate thedisplay panel 30.

The magnetic force circuit unit according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may have an external magnetic type structure ordynamic type structure including the magnet 92 disposed outward from thecoil 95, or may have an internal magnetic type structure or micro typestructure including the magnet 92 disposed inward from the coil 95. Thefirst sound generator 90-1 including the magnetic force circuit unithaving the internal magnetic type structure may have a wholly small sizeand a low leakage magnetic flux. The first sound generator 90-1according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have anexternal magnetic type or internal magnetic type structure. Hereinafter,an example where the first sound generator 90-1 has the internalmagnetic type structure will be described.

The magnet 92 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure maybe inserted or accommodated into the groove portion 91 a of the firstplate 91. The magnet 92 may be a permanent magnet having a cylindricalshape capable of being inserted or accommodated into the bobbin 94.According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the magnet 92 maybe implemented with a sintered magnet such as barium ferrite, and amaterial of the magnet 220 may include one or more of Fe₂O₃, BaCO₃, aneodymium magnet, strontium ferrite (Fe₁₂O₁₉Sr) with improved magnetcomponent, an alloy cast magnet including Al, nickel (Ni), and cobalt(Co). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Forexample, the neodymium magnet may be neodymium-iron-boron (Nd—Fe—B).

The bobbin 94 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure maybe on the first plate 91 to surround the magnet 92. The bobbin 94 mayhave a circular shape or an oval shape, but is not limited thereto. Theoval shape may have an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape withrounded corners, or non-circular curved shape having a width differentfrom its height, but the present embodiment is not limited thereto. Forexample, in the bobbin 94 having the oval shape, a ratio of a long-axisdiameter to a short-axis diameter may be set to 1.3:1 to 2:1. The bobbin94 having the oval shape may improve a sound of a high sound band morethan a circular shape, and may decrease the occurrence of heat caused bya vibration. Thus, such a bobbin 94 may have an excellent heatdissipation characteristic.

The coil 95 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may bewound to surround an outer circumference surface of the bobbin 94 andmay be supplied with a current (or a voice current) of a driving signalfrom the outside. The coil 95 may be lowered or raised along with thebobbin 94. The coil 95 may be referred to as a “voice coil,” but theterm is not limited thereto. When a current is applied to the coil 95, awhole portion of the bobbin 94 may vibrate upward and downward accordingto Fleming’s Left Hand Rule for Motors based on an application magneticfield generated around the coil 95 and an external magnetic fieldgenerated around the magnet 92, and a sound DVS or a sound wave may begenerated by a vibration of the display panel 30 caused by a verticalmovement (or vibration) of the bobbin 94.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as the coil 95 iswound to surround an outer circumference surface of the bobbin 94, heatoccurring in the coil 95 may be transferred to the bobbin 94, and thecoil 95 may include a material that has a relatively good heatdissipation characteristic, for decreasing an image quality defectaffecting the display panel 30 due to the heat of the bobbin 94. Also,because the bobbin 94 vibrates upward and downward, a horizontalvibration may occur due to a vertical vibration, and a horizontalvibration of the bobbin 94 may be affected by a weight of the bobbin 94.A weight of the bobbin 94 may be affected by a weight of the coil 95,and thus, when a weight of the coil 95 is reduced, a horizontalvibration of the bobbin 94 may decrease. Therefore, considering heattransferred to the bobbin 94 and the horizontal vibration of the bobbin94, the coil 95 may have a relatively good heat dissipationcharacteristic because thermal conductivity thereof is better than thatof copper, which is a material of a general coil, and may include an Almaterial, which has a relatively good heat dissipation characteristicand is relatively lightweight compared to copper.

Moreover, in aluminum, because oxide is formed in air, welding may notbe easy in manufacturing the first sound generator 90-1. Thus, the coil95 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include anAl layer (or a first metal layer) for dissipating heat and a metalcovering layer (or a second metal layer) surrounding the Al layer. Themetal covering layer may include one of Cu, Ag, and gold (Au). Forexample, the coil 95 may be a copper clad aluminum wire by which copperis covered. The metal covering layer may be formed as a thin film typeoutside the first metal layer, and thus, may not greatly affect anincrease in weight of the coil 95. Therefore, a weight of the coil 95according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may decrease byabout 60% compared to a coil including only Cu or a Cu wire.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bobbin 94 mayinclude a structure including a material obtained by processing pulp orpaper, Al or Mg or an alloy thereof, or synthetic resin such aspolyimide. For example, the bobbin 94 may be implemented with apolyimide film that has a relatively good heat dissipationcharacteristic and has a relatively lightweight, for preventing an imagequality defect of the display panel 30 caused by heat occurring in thecoil 95.

The polyimide film may have physical properties that are not changedwithin a wide temperature range from -273° C. to 400° C. and may have aheat resistance, electrical insulation, flexibility, and discontinuity.Also, because the polyimide film has a good thermal and mechanicalstiffness, the polyimide film may enhance the reliability of the bobbin94, and the occurrence of heat caused by a vibration of the bobbin 94may be reduced based on an excellent heat dissipation characteristic.For example, the polyimide film may be KAPTON and may be a condensationof pyromellitec dianhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline, but is not limitedthereto.

The center pole 93 may be accommodated or inserted into the bobbin 94and may guide raising or lowering of the bobbin 94. For example, sincethe center pole 93 is accommodated or inserted into the bobbin 94, anouter circumference surface of the center pole 93 may be surrounded bythe bobbin 94. The center pole 93 may be referred to as an “elevationguider” or “pole pieces,” but the term is not limited thereto.

The second plate 96 may be disposed at a front periphery portion of thefirst plate 91 and may support the damper 97. The second plate 96according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be provided atthe front periphery portion of the first plate 91 to have a certainheight and the same shape as that of the bobbin 94. According to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure, the second plate 96 may include ahollow portion that is provided at the front periphery portion of thefirst plate 91 to have a certain height and the same shape as that ofthe bobbin 94. The second plate 96 may be referred to as an “edgeplate,” a “lower plate,” a “frame,” or a “yoke,” but the term is notlimited thereto.

The damper 97 may be between the second plate 96 and the magnetic forcecircuit unit. For example, the damper 97 may be between the second plate96 and the bobbin 94. The damper 97 may be a “spider,” a “suspension,”or an “edge,” but the term is not limited thereto.

One portion of the damper 97 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be connected to the second plate 96, and the otherportion of the damper 97 may be connected to an upper outer surface ofthe bobbin 94. The damper 97 may be provided in a creased structurebetween the one portion and the other portion thereof and may becontracted and relaxed based on a vertical motion of the bobbin 94 tocontrol a vibration of the bobbin 94. The damper 97 may be connectedbetween the bobbin 94 and the second plate 96 and may limit a vibrationdistance of the bobbin 94 with a restoring force. For example, when thebobbin 94 vibrates by a certain distance or more or vibrates by acertain distance or less, the bobbin 94 may be restored to an originalposition by the restoring force of the damper 97.

Because the first sound generator 90-1 is between the display panel 30and the supporting member 50, the first sound generator 90-1 should havea relatively thin thickness so as to thinly reduce a thickness of thedisplay apparatus or slim the display apparatus. Due to this, when aheight (or a thickness) of the bobbin 94 is reduced, a sound pressurelevel may be lowered. Therefore, to solve a problem where a soundpressure level is lowered due to a reduction in height of the bobbin 94,the first sound generator 90-1 may be configured in a structure where anarea of the damper 97 disposed near the bobbin 94 is wide. In a casewhere an area of the damper 97 is enlarged, a space where a line forapplying a current to the coil 95 is disposed may be narrowed, causinginterference between the line and the damper 97. Therefore, the damper97 may be formed of a conductor, and thus, may perform a function of theline.

The damper 97 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mayinclude a metal material electrically connected to the coil 95. Forexample, the damper 97 may be formed of stainless steel or Cu, but isnot limited thereto.

The terminal portion 98 may include a pair of terminals that aredisposed on one portion of the first plate 91 and are electricallyconnected to the damper 97. The terminal portion 98 may overlap the hole57 in the first accommodating portion 55 a of the supporting member 50and may be exposed at the outside of the rear surface of the supportingmember 50. The pair of terminals in the terminal portion 98 may beelectrically connected to a driving signal cable passing through thehole 57 and may be supplied with a driving signal through the drivingsignal cable from the display host system.

The first sound generator 90-1 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a bobbin protection member 99 a.

The bobbin protection member 99 a may be disposed on a front surface (ora front end portion) of the bobbin 94 and may transfer a raising andlowering motion (or vibration) of the bobbin 94 to the rear surface ofthe display panel 30. The bobbin protection member 99 a according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may have a ring shape disposed onthe front surface of the bobbin 94, a disc shape covering the wholefront surface of the bobbin 94, or a gap shape surrounding the frontsurface and the upper outer surface of the bobbin 94, but the shape isnot limited thereto. For example, the bobbin protection member 99 a maybe a bobbin ring, but the term is not limited thereto.

The bobbin protection member 99 a may be on the rear surface of thedisplay panel 30 using an adhesive member. The adhesive member may bebetween the back plate 35 of the display panel 30 and the bobbinprotection member 99 a. The adhesive member according to an embodimentof the present disclosure may include an adhesive or a double-sidedtape, but is not limited thereto.

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a blocking member 99 b between thedisplay panel 30 and the vibration generating module 90. The first soundgenerator 90-1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mayfurther include the blocking member 99 b.

The blocking member 99 b (or a heat blocking member or a heat insulationmember) may block or minimize the transfer of heat, occurring in thefirst sound generator 90-1 due to driving (or vibration) of the firstsound generator 90-1, to the display panel 30, and thus, may prevent orminimize the local temperature increase of the display panel 30 causedby the heat occurring in the first sound generator 90-1, therebypreventing the image quality defect of the display panel 30 caused by arapid temperature difference in a local region of the display panel 30overlapping the first sound generator 90-1. For example, heat occurringin the coil 95 and the like of the first sound generator 90-1 may not betransferred to the display panel 30 by the blocking member 99 b and maybe diffused and dissipated through the supporting member 50 and the heatdissipation member 130 via the first plate 91, or may be diffused to thesupporting member 50 and the heat dissipation member 130 through thefirst plate 91 and may be dissipated through the supporting member 50and the heat dissipation member 130. The blocking member 99 b may beconfigured to have a size that is equal or similar to that of thevibration generating module 90, but is not limited thereto. For example,the blocking member 99 b may be configured to have a size that is equalor similar to that of the pixel array substrate 31.

For example, the blocking member 99 b may have a film type or a platetype each including one of polyethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP),polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate(PVAc), polylactic acid (PLA), polyamide (PA), polyester (PE), andpolypropylene (PP), but is not limited thereto. As another example, theblocking member 99 b may have a film type or a plate type each includingone of rubber, silicon, fiber reinforced plastics, and composite resinincluding fiber reinforced plastics, but is not limited thereto. Forexample, the fiber reinforced plastics may include one of carbon fiberreinforced plastics, glass fiber reinforced plastics, and graphite fiberreinforced plastics or a combination thereof, but is not limitedthereto.

The blocking member 99 b according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be between the rear surface of the display panel 30 andthe front surface (or the front end portion) of the bobbin 94, and inthis case, the bobbin protection member 99 a may be omitted. Forexample, the blocking member 99 b may be on the front surface (or thefront end portion) of the bobbin 94 and may be disposed on or connected(or coupled) to the back plate 35 of the display panel 30 by an adhesivemember.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the blockingmember 99 b may be between the back plate 35 of the display panel 30 andthe bobbin protection member 99 a. For example, the blocking member 99 bmay be on a front surface of the bobbin protection member 99 a and maybe disposed on or connected (or coupled) to the back plate 35 of thedisplay panel 30 by an adhesive member.

The second sound generator 90-2 of the vibration generating module 90according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include thesame structure as that of the first sound generator 90-1, and thus, itsrepetitive description is omitted.

FIG. 8 is another cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′illustrated in FIG. 2 and illustrates an example where a connection orcoupling structure between a vibration generating module and asupporting member is modified. Hereinafter, descriptions of the sameelements except a disposition or connection (or coupling) structurebetween a vibration generating module and a supporting member will bebriefly given or are omitted.

With reference to FIG. 8 , a first sound generator 90-1 of a vibrationgenerating module 90 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be disposed at, supported by, or connected (or coupled)to a first accommodating portion 55 a of a supporting member 50 by aconnection member 90 a.

The connection member 90 a may be disposed on or connected to a bottomsurface of the first accommodating portion 55 a through an extensionportion 91 b of the first sound generator 90-1 based on an innerconnection manner, and thus, the first sound generator 90-1 may besupported by or connected (or coupled) to the bottom surface of thefirst accommodating portion 55 a. For example, the connection member 90a may be a screw or a bolt, but is not limited thereto.

The supporting member 50 may further include a boss portion 58 disposedon the bottom surface of the first accommodating portion 55 a. The bossportion 58 may include a connection hole that is connected to theconnection member 90 a to protrude from the bottom surface of the firstaccommodating portion 55 a. For example, the boss portion 58 may beinserted or accommodated into a boss groove provided in the extensionportion 91 b of the first sound generator 90-1.

The second sound generator 90-2 of the vibration generating module 90according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, like the firstsound generator 90-1, may be disposed on, supported by, or connected (orcoupled) to a bottom surface of a second accommodating portion based onan inner connection manner using a connection member.

The vibration module 90 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be connected (or coupled) to the supporting member 50based on an inner connection manner using the connection member 90 a toincrease a supporting force or a coupling force between the vibrationgenerating module 90 and the supporting member 50, and when thevibration generating module 90 is being driven (or is vibrating), anoise caused by an undesired vibration between the vibration generatingmodule 90 and the supporting member 50 may be prevented.

In the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, a thickness of the vibration generating module 90 may bereduced, and thus, the vibration generating module 90 may be providedbetween the display panel 30 and the supporting member 50, therebydecreasing a thickness of the display apparatus. Also, because thevibration generating module 90 is provided between the display panel 30and the supporting member 50, a rear surface of the supporting member 50may not need a hole where the vibration generating module 90 isdisposed, thereby implementing the clean design of the displayapparatus. Because the vibration generating module 90 is providedbetween the display panel 30 and the supporting member 50, the rearsurface of the supporting member 50 may not need a hole where thevibration generating module 90 is disposed, thereby enhancing a degreeof freedom based on a size or model of the display apparatus.

FIG. 9 is another cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′illustrated in FIG. 2 and illustrates an example where a connection orcoupling structure between a vibration generating module and asupporting member is modified. Hereinafter, descriptions of the sameelements except a disposition or connection (or coupling) structurebetween a vibration generating module and a supporting member will bebriefly given or are omitted.

With reference to FIG. 9 , a first sound generator 90-1 of a vibrationgenerating module 90 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be supported by or coupled to a first accommodatingportion 55 a of a supporting member 50 by a plurality of fourthconnection members 171 that connect or couple a stiff portion 170 to aheat dissipation member 130 or a supporting member 50.

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may further include a plurality of coupling members 181connected to a corresponding fourth connection member 171 of theplurality of fourth connection members 171.

Each of the plurality of coupling members 181 may pass through anextension portion 91 b of a first sound generator 90-1 and may beconnected or coupled to a corresponding fourth connection member 171.For example, each of the plurality of coupling members 181 may beinserted or accommodated into a corresponding hole of a plurality ofholes in the extension portion 91 b of the first sound generator 90-1.Each of the plurality of coupling members 181 according to an embodimentmay be a nut, such as a self-clinching nut (e.g., a PEM® nut) eachincluding a head portion that is greater than a diameter of each of theholes, but is not limited thereto.

Each of the plurality of fourth connection members 171 may pass throughthe stiff portion 170, a first heat dissipation member 131, and a bottomsurface of the first accommodating portion 55 a and may be connected orfastened to a corresponding coupling member 181, and thus, the firstsound generator 90-1 may be supported by or coupled to a bottom surfaceof the first accommodating portion 55 a. Therefore, the first soundgenerator 90-1 may be disposed on, supported by, or coupled to thebottom surface of the first accommodating portion 55 a based on abidirectional connection manner using the fourth connection members 171and the coupling members 181.

The supporting member 50 may further include a first hole 59 in thebottom surface of the first accommodating portion 55 a. The first hole59 may include a screw thread connected or fastened to the fourthconnection member 171 or may have a hole type, but is not limitedthereto.

A second sound generator 90-2 of the vibration generating module 90according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, like the firstsound generator 90-1, may be disposed on, supported by, or coupled to abottom surface of a second accommodating portion using a bidirectionalconnection manner using a plurality of fifth connection members 173 anda coupling member.

In the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the vibration generating module 90, the heat dissipationmember 130, and the stiff portion 170 may be simultaneously connected orcoupled to the supporting member 50 based on a bidirectional connectionmanner using a connection member and a coupling member, and thus, thenumber of elements may decrease. In the display apparatus according toan embodiment of the present disclosure, a supporting force or acoupling force between the vibration generating module 90 and thesupporting member 50 may increase, and when the vibration generatingmodule 90 is being driven (or is vibrating), a noise caused by anundesired vibration between the vibration generating module 90 and thesupporting member 50 may be prevented.

FIG. 10 illustrates a rear surface of a display apparatus according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 illustrates asupporting frame illustrated in FIG. 10 . FIG. 12 is a cross-sectionalview taken along line IV-IV′ illustrated in FIG. 10 . FIGS. 10 to 12illustrate an example where a plurality of fourth supporting portionsare added to a supporting frame. Hereinafter, descriptions of the sameelements except a plurality of fourth supporting portions and relevantelements will be briefly given or are omitted.

With reference to FIGS. 10 to 12 in conjunction with FIG. 3 , asupporting frame 70 according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be disposed at a rear periphery portion of a front member10 by a first connection member 20. The supporting frame 70 may includea four-surface supporting structure that surrounds side surfaces of thesupporting member 50 and supports a rear periphery portion of thesupporting member 50.

For example, the supporting frame 70 may include a connection portion 71and a supporting portion 73.

The connection portion 71 may include an opening 70 a that is disposedat the rear periphery portion of the front member 10 to overlap thedisplay panel 30. The connection portion 71 may be disposed at (orcoupled to) the rear periphery portion of the front member 10 using thefirst connection member 20 and may be supported by the front member 10to surround the side surfaces of the supporting member 50. For example,the connection portion 71 may include first to fourth inner surfaces 71a to 71 d. The first to fourth inner surfaces 71 a to 71 d of theconnection portion 71 may surround a side portion 53 of the supportingmember 50.

The supporting portion 73 may protrude from an inner surface of theconnection portion 71 to the opening 70 a, and may support thesupporting member 50. For example, the supporting portion 73 may includea four-surface supporting structure that supports the rear peripheryportion of the supporting member 50.

The supporting portion 73 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include first to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 cand a plurality of fourth supporting portions 73 d.

The first to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 c, as illustrated inFIGS. 4 to 6 , may protrude to the opening 70 a of the connectionportion 71 from the second to fourth inner surfaces 71 b to 71 d otherthan the first inner surface 71 a parallel to a first periphery portionof the display panel 30 among the first to fourth inner surfaces 71 a to71 d of the connection portion 71 configuring the opening 70 a. Thefirst to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 c may be respectivelydisposed at first to third rear periphery portions of the supportingmember 50 by a second connection member (or a cover connection member)60.

The plurality of fourth supporting portions 73 d may protrude from thefirst inner surface 71 a of the connection portion 71 to the opening 70a. Each of the plurality of fourth supporting portions 73 d may protrudefrom the first inner surface 71 a to the opening 70 a to pass through acorresponding region between a plurality of flexible circuit films 41.Each of the plurality of fourth supporting portions 73 d may support afourth rear periphery portion of the supporting member 50 between theplurality of flexible circuit films 41 connected to the display panel30. For example, each of the plurality of fourth supporting portions 73d may be disposed at (or connected to) the fourth rear periphery portionof the supporting member 50 by the second connection member (or thecover connection member) 60.

Each of the plurality of flexible circuit films 41 may be in a secondhole (or a space) 74 between the plurality of fourth supporting portions73 d. The second hole 74 may be between the first inner surface 71 a ofthe connection portion 71 and a side portion 53 of the supporting member50. Therefore, each of the plurality of flexible circuit films 41connected to a pad part of the display panel 30 may pass through thesecond hole 74 and may be bent (or folded) to a rear surface of thesupporting member 50. The second hole 74 may be a “film passage portion”or a “passage portion,” but the term is not limited thereto.

Therefore, the supporting frame 70 according to another embodiment ofthe present disclosure may support the first to fourth rear peripheryportions of the supporting member 50 through the supporting portion 73including the first to third supporting portions 73 a to 73 c and theplurality of fourth supporting portions 73 d. Thus, stiffness of thesupporting member 50 may be uniform. The supporting member 50 may besupported by the supporting portion 73 of the supporting frame 70 havingthe four-surface supporting structure, and thus, may have wholly uniformstiffness. A primary vibration mode performed based on a vibration ofthe vibration generating module 90 may be provided near the vibrationgenerating module 90, and a vibration region of the vibration generatingmodule 90 may match a maximum displacement position of the display panel30, thereby enhancing the vibration efficiency of the vibrationgenerating module 90 to enhance the quality and sound pressure level ofa sound generated by a vibration of the display panel 30.

FIG. 13 illustrates a vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure and illustrates an example where the display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated inFIGS. 1 to 12 is applied to the vehicle.

With reference to FIG. 13 , the vehicle according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure may include a dashboard 500, an instrument panelmodule 600, and an infotainment module 700.

The dashboard 500 may include a first region DA facing a driver seat orcorresponding to the driver seat, a second region PA facing a passengerseat or corresponding to the passenger seat, and a third region MAbetween the first region DA and the second region PA.

The instrument panel module 600 may include a first display 610 in thefirst region DA of the dashboard 500. The instrument panel module 600may be a “dashboard module” or an “instrument cluster,” but the term isnot limited thereto.

The first display 610 may provide a driver with various information suchas vehicle state information and driving-related information such as thedriving time, velocity, fuel amount, and revolutions per minute (RPM) ofthe vehicle.

The first display 610 may include the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12 , andthus, its repetitive description is omitted. Therefore, the firstdisplay 610 may display an image, corresponding to vehicle drivinginformation provided from a vehicle host system, on a display panel.Also, the first display 610 may output, to the driver seat, a soundgenerated by a vibration of the display panel responding to a vibrationof a vibration generating module based on a sound driving signalprovided from the vehicle host system.

The infotainment module 700 (or an infotainment system) may include asecond display 710 that is disposed in the third region MA (or a centerfascia) of the dashboard 500.

The second display 710 may be connected to a navigation system and avehicle convenience system such as an audio system, an air conditioningsystem, and a multimedia system each equipped in the vehicle and maydisplay navigation information provided from the navigation system and acontrol icon for controlling a corresponding vehicle convenience system.Also, the second display 710 may provide a driver or a passenger with asound corresponding to a sound signal provided from the audio systemand/or the multimedia system.

The second display 710 may include the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12 , andthus, its repetitive description is omitted. Therefore, a display panelof the second display 710 may display navigation information providedfrom the navigation system and a control icon for controlling acorresponding vehicle convenience system. Also, the second display 710may directly output a sound generated from the display panel thatvibrates by a vibration of the vibration generating module based on asound signal provided from the audio system and/or the multimediasystem. Also, the second display 710 may sense a user touch through atouch electrode layer disposed in the display panel to perform aninterface with a user.

The second display 710 may have a length that is enlarged toward thesecond region PA of the dashboard 500. For example, the second display710 may be disposed across the third region MA and the second region PAof the dashboard 500.

Therefore, the vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include the instrument panel module 600 including thefirst display 610 to which the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12 isapplied, and thus, may output a sound, generated by a vibration of thefirst display 610, to the head of a driver to directly transfer thesound to the driver’s ears, thereby transferring a sound substantiallysimilar to an original sound to the driver.

Moreover, the vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include the infotainment module 700 including the seconddisplay 710 to which the display apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12 is applied, andthus, may output a sound, generated by a vibration of the second display710, to ears of the driver and/or a passenger, thereby transferring asound substantially similar to an original sound to the driver and/orthe passenger.

Moreover, the vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may use each of the first display 610 of the instrument panelmodule 600 and the second display 710 of the infotainment module 700 asa speaker for outputting a sound, and may transfer a 2-channel stereosound to the driver and/or the passenger using a sound generated by avibration of each of the first and second displays 610 and 710.

FIG. 14 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure and illustrates an example where a structure of theinfotainment module illustrated in FIG. 13 is modified. Hereinafter,descriptions of the same elements except an infotainment module andrelevant elements will be briefly given or are omitted.

With reference to FIG. 14 , an infotainment module 700 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may be installed to be raised orlowered in a third region MA of a dashboard 500. The infotainment module700 may be accommodated into the dashboard 500 based on the power-off ofa vehicle or manipulation of a passenger and may be protruded from theinside of the dashboard 500 based on the power-on of the vehicle ormanipulation of the passenger.

The infotainment module 700 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include a second display 710 and a display elevationunit.

The second display 710 is substantially the same as the second displayillustrated in FIG. 13 , and thus, its repetitive description isomitted.

The display elevation unit (or display lifting unit) may be in the thirdregion MA of the dashboard 500, and may support the second display 710so as to be raised or lowered. For example, the display elevation unitmay raise the second display 710 to protrude the second display 710 fromthe inside of the dashboard 500, based on the power-on of the vehicle ormanipulation of the passenger. Also, the display elevation unit maylower the second display 710 to accommodate or load the second display710 into the dashboard 500, based on the power-off of the vehicle ormanipulation of the passenger.

Therefore, the vehicle according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may have the same effect as that of the vehicle illustratedin FIG. 13 .

FIG. 15 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure and illustrates an example where a structure of theinfotainment module illustrated in FIG. 14 is modified. Hereinafter,descriptions of the same elements except an infotainment module andrelevant elements will be briefly given or are omitted.

With reference to FIG. 15 , an infotainment module 700 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may include a second display 710that is installed to be raised or lowered in a third region MA of adashboard 500, a display elevation unit that raises or lowers the seconddisplay 710, and a third display 730 that is installed in a secondregion PA of the dashboard 500.

The second display 710 and the display elevation unit are substantiallythe same as the second display and the display elevation unit eachillustrated in FIG. 14 , and thus, their repetitive descriptions areomitted.

The third display 730 may share a function of the second display 710.For example, the third display 730 may be connected to a navigationsystem and a vehicle convenience system such as an audio system, an airconditioning system, and a multimedia system each equipped in thevehicle and may display navigation information provided from thenavigation system and a control icon for controlling a correspondingvehicle convenience system. Also, the third display 730 may provide apassenger with a sound corresponding to a sound signal provided from theaudio system and/or the multimedia system. Also, the third display 730may transmit or receive image information or sound information throughwireless communication with a wireless communication device of apassenger sitting on a passenger seat and may display the received imageinformation on a display panel.

The third display 730 may include the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12 , andthus, its repetitive description is omitted.

The third display 730 may have a length that is enlarged toward thethird region MA of the dashboard 500. For example, the third display 730may be disposed across the second region PA and the third region MA ofthe dashboard 500.

A first display 610 of the instrument panel module 600 and the secondand third displays 710 and 730 of the infotainment module 700 may eachbe used as a panel speaker for outputting a sound in the vehicle.

Therefore, the vehicle according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may have the same effect as that of the vehicle illustratedin FIG. 13 or FIG. 14 . Also, the vehicle according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure may use each of the first display 610 of theinstrument panel module 600 and the second and third displays 710 and730 of the infotainment module 700 as a speaker for outputting a sound,and may transfer a 3-channel stereo sound to a driver and/or a passengerusing a sound generated by a vibration of each of the first to thirddisplays 610, 710, and 730.

FIG. 16 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure and illustrates an example where a structure of theinfotainment module illustrated in FIG. 13 is modified. Hereinafter,descriptions of the same elements except an infotainment module andrelevant elements will be briefly given or are omitted.

With reference to FIG. 16 , an infotainment module 700 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may further include a fourthdisplay 750 disposed on a rear surface of a driver seat (or a driverseat sheet) 800 and a fifth display 770 disposed on a rear surface of apassenger seat (or a passenger seat sheet) 900.

The fourth display 750 may be disposed in or buried into a headrest ofthe driver seat 800, and the fifth display 770 may be disposed in orburied into a headrest of the passenger seat 900.

Each of the fourth and fifth displays 750 and 770 may include thedisplay apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosureillustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12 , and thus, their repetitive descriptionsare omitted.

Each of the fourth and fifth displays 750 and 770 may share a functionof the second display 710. Also, each of the fourth and fifth displays750 and 770 may transmit or receive image information or soundinformation through wireless communication with a wireless communicationdevice of a passenger sitting on a backseat and may display the receivedimage information on a display panel.

A first display 610 of instrument panel module 600 and the second,fourth, and fifth displays 710, 750, and 770 of the infotainment module700 may each be used as a panel speaker for outputting a sound in thevehicle.

Therefore, the vehicle according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may have the same effect as that of the vehicle illustratedin FIG. 13 . Also, the vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may use each of the first display 610 of the instrument panelmodule 600 and the second, fourth, and fifth displays 710, 750, and 770of the infotainment module 700 as a speaker for outputting a sound, andmay transfer a 4-channel stereo sound to a driver and/or a passengerusing a sound generated by a vibration of each of the first, second,fourth, and fifth displays 610, 710, 750, and 770.

As another example, in the vehicle according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 14 , the second display 710of the infotainment module 700 may be installed in a third region MA ofa dashboard 500 so as to be raised or lowered. Also, the infotainmentmodule 700 may further include the third display 730 illustrated in FIG.15 . In this case, the vehicle according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may use at least one of the first display 610 of theinstrument panel module 600 and the second to fifth displays 710, 730,750, and 770 of the infotainment module 700 as a speaker for outputtinga sound, and may transfer a sound, generated by a vibration of a displaypanel included in at least one of the first to fifth displays 610, 710,730, 750, and 770, to a driver and/or a passenger.

FIG. 17 illustrates a vehicle according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure and illustrates an example where a speaker is addedto the vehicle illustrated in one of FIGS. 13 to 16 . Hereinafter,descriptions of the same elements except a separate speaker and relevantelements will be briefly given or are omitted.

Because reverberation is severe in a vehicle and there are many curveswith which sound waves collide, there is a problem where it may bedifficult to output a desired sound. Therefore, in a case where adisplay apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosureis provided in a vehicle or a vehicle body, a speaker installed in thevehicle may be implemented to have a small size, and a sound output fromthe vehicle may be enhanced.

With reference to FIG. 17 , the vehicle according to another embodimentof the present disclosure may further include at least one of adashboard speaker DBS, a left front door speaker LFS, a right front doorspeaker RFS, a left rear door speaker LRS, a right rear door speakerRRS, and a rear deco speaker RDS.

The dashboard speaker DBS may include at least one of a first dashboardspeaker DBS1 disposed at a left edge or periphery of a dashboard 500 anda second dashboard speaker DBS2 disposed at a right edge or periphery ofthe dashboard 500. For example, each of the first dashboard speaker DBS1and the second dashboard speaker DBS2 may be a speaker that outputs asound of 150 Hz to 20 kHz having a mid-range or a full-range sound.

The left front door speaker LFS may include at least one of first tothird left front speakers LFS1 to LFS3.

The first left front speaker LFS1 may be disposed at a first portion ofa left front door adjacent to the dashboard 500. The second left frontspeaker LFS2 may be disposed at a middle portion of the left front door.The third left front speaker LFS3 may be disposed at a second portion ofthe left front door adjacent to a left rear door. For example, the firstleft front speaker LFS1 may be a display panel speaker implemented withthe display apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12 . In this case, theleft front speaker may output a sound based on a vibration of thedisplay panel and may act as a left side mirror that displays an imagefrom a left rear camera disposed on a left surface of the vehicle.

The right front door speaker RFS may include at least one of first tothird right front speakers RFS1 to RFS3.

The first right front speaker RFS1 may be disposed at a first portion ofa right front door adjacent to the dashboard 500. The second right frontspeaker RFS2 may be disposed at a middle portion of the right frontdoor. The third right front speaker RFS3 may be disposed at a secondportion of the right front door adjacent to a right rear door. Forexample, the first right front speaker RFS1 may be a display panelspeaker implemented with the display apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 to12 . In this case, the right front speaker may output a sound based on avibration of the display panel and may act as a right side mirror thatdisplays an image from a right rear camera disposed on a right surfaceof the vehicle.

Each of the first left front speaker LFS1 and the first right frontspeaker RFS1 may be a speaker that outputs a sound of 150 Hz to 20 kHzhaving the mid-range or the full-range. Sounds output from the firstleft front speaker LFS1 and the first right front speaker RFS1 may becombined and output.

Each of the second left front speaker LFS2 and the second right frontspeaker RFS2 may be a tweeter, or may be a speaker that outputs a soundof 2 kHz to 20 kHz. Sounds output from the first and second left frontspeakers LFS1 and LFS2 and the first and second right front speakersRFS1 and RFS2 may be combined and output.

Each of the third left front speaker LFS3 and the third right frontspeaker RFS3 may be one of a woofer, a mid-woofer, and a sub-woofer, ormay be a speaker that outputs a sound of 150 Hz to 20 kHz having themid-range or the full-range sound. Sounds output from the third leftfront speaker LFS3 and the third right front speaker RFS3 may becombined and output.

The left rear door speaker LRS may include at least one of first tothird left rear speakers LRS1 to LRS3.

The first left rear speaker LRS1 may be disposed at a first portion of aleft rear door adjacent to the left front door. The second left rearspeaker LRS2 may be disposed at a middle portion of the left rear door.The third left rear speaker LRS3 may be disposed at a second portion ofthe left rear door adjacent to a rear deco RD.

The right rear door speaker RRS may include at least one of first tothird right rear speakers RRS1 to RRS3.

The first right rear speaker RRS1 may be disposed at a first portion ofa right rear door adjacent to the right front door. The second rightrear speaker RRS2 may be disposed at a middle portion of the right reardoor. The third right rear speaker RRS3 may be disposed at a secondportion of the right rear door adjacent to the rear deco RD.

Each of the first left rear speaker LRS1 and the first right rearspeaker RRS1 may be a tweeter, or may be a speaker that outputs a soundof 2 kHz to 20 kHz. Sounds output from the first left rear speaker LRS1and the first right rear speaker RRS1 may be combined and output.

Each of the second left rear speaker LRS2 and the second right rearspeaker RRS2 may be a speaker that outputs a sound of 150 Hz to 20 kHzhaving the mid-range or the full-range sound. Sounds output from thefirst and second left rear speakers LRS1 and LRS2 and the first andsecond right rear speakers RRS1 and RRS2 may be combined and output.

Each of the third left rear speaker LRS3 and the third right rearspeaker RRS3 may be one of a woofer, a mid-woofer, and a sub-woofer, ormay be a speaker that outputs a sound of 150 Hz to 20 kHz having themid-range or the full-range sound. Sounds output from the third leftrear speaker LRS3 and the third right rear speaker RRS3 may be combinedand output.

The rear deco speaker RDS may include at least one of a first rear decospeaker RDS1 disposed at a left edge or periphery of the rear deco RD, asecond rear deco speaker RDS2 disposed at a right edge or periphery ofthe rear deco RD, and a third rear deco speaker RDS3 disposed at amiddle portion of the rear deco RD.

Each of the first rear deco speaker RDS1 and the second rear decospeaker RDS2 may be a speaker that outputs a sound of 150 Hz to 20 kHzhaving the mid-range or the full-range sound.

The third rear deco speaker RDS3 may be one of a woofer, a mid-woofer,and a sub-woofer, or may be a speaker that outputs a sound of 60 Hz to150 Hz, or may be at least one tweeter, or may be a speaker that outputsa sound of 2 kHz to 20 kHz.

A speaker on the left and a speaker on the right may be provided to besymmetrical with respect to a direction toward a front window of avehicle. For example, a frequency of a sound output from a speakerdisposed on an internal left side of a vehicle may be one or more of 150Hz to 20 kHz and 2 kHz to 20 kHz, and a frequency of a sound output froma sound generating device disposed on an internal right side of thevehicle may be one or more of 150 Hz to 20 kHz and 2 kHz to 20 kHz. Whena speaker is configured as described above, localization of a soundoutput from each of an internal left side and an internal right side ofa vehicle may be enhanced.

Therefore, the vehicle according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure may use at least one of the first display 610 of theinstrument panel module 600 and the second to fifth displays 710, 730,750, and 770 of the infotainment module 700 as a speaker for outputtinga sound, may output a sound generated by a vibration of a display panelincluded in at least one of the first to fifth displays 610, 710, 730,750, and 770, and may output a sound through at least one speakerdisposed in at least one of the dashboard 500, the rear deco RD, theleft door, and the right door, thereby providing a multichannel surroundstereo sound to a driver and/or a passenger.

FIG. 18 is a graph showing an experimental result obtained by measuringa sound pressure characteristic of a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 18 , Audio Precisioncompany’s APX525 has been used for measuring a sound pressure level,sine sweep has been applied at 100 Hz to 20 kHz, and the sound pressurelevel has been measured at a position spaced apart from a display panelby 1 m. The sine sweep may be a method of performing sweep for a shorttime, but is not limited thereto. In FIG. 18 , the abscissa axis(x-axis) represents a frequency in hertz (Hz), and the ordinate axis(y-axis) represents a sound pressure level (SPL) in decibel (dB).

A first embodiment (a dotted line) of the present disclosure correspondsto a display apparatus where the reinforcement portion and the stiffportion of the display apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 are not provided,and a second embodiment (a thick solid line) of the present disclosurecorresponds a display apparatus where the reinforcement portion and thestiff portion of the display apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 areprovided.

As seen in FIG. 18 , it may be seen that the display apparatus accordingto the first embodiment (the dotted line) of the present disclosure andthe display apparatus according to the second embodiment (the thicksolid line) of the present disclosure output a sound of 100 Hz to 20 kHzhaving a sound pressure level of 50 dB or more. Accordingly, evenwithout a separate speaker, the display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure may vibrate the display panel tooutput a sound having a range from 100 Hz to 20 kHz.

A sound pressure level of a sound decreases in proportion to the squareroot of a distance. Considering that a sound pressure level of a voiceof a person speaking at a position spaced apart from a listener by 0.5 mis about 60 dB, a sound pressure level that enables a listener spacedapart from a display apparatus by about 2 m to easily listen to a soundoutput from the display apparatus should satisfy about 72 dB to 75 dB.

With respect to a sound pressure level of 74 dB, the display apparatusaccording to the first embodiment (the dotted line) of the presentdisclosure may provide a sound of 300 Hz to 20 kHz to a listener spacedapart from the display apparatus by about 2 m, and the display apparatusaccording to the second embodiment (the thick solid line) of the presentdisclosure may provide a sound of 250 Hz to 20 kHz to a listener spacedapart from the display apparatus by about 2 m.

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be applied to various applications that output soundbased on a vibration of a display panel. The display apparatus accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to mobileapparatuses, video phones, smart watches, watch phones, wearableapparatuses, foldable apparatuses, rollable apparatuses, bendableapparatuses, flexible apparatuses, curved apparatuses, portablemultimedia players (PMPs), personal digital assistants (PDAs),electronic organizers, desktop personal computers (PCs), laptop PCs,netbook computers, workstations, navigation apparatuses, automotivenavigation apparatuses, automotive display apparatuses, TVs, wallpaperdisplay apparatuses, signage apparatuses, game machines, notebookcomputers, monitors, cameras, camcorders, home appliances, etc. Also,the flexible vibration module according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be applied to organic light-emitting lighting apparatusesor inorganic light-emitting lighting apparatuses. Furthermore, when theflexible vibration module according to the present disclosure is appliedto a mobile apparatus, the flexible vibration module may act as aspeaker or a receiver.

A display apparatus and a vehicle including the same according to anembodiment of the present disclosure will be described below.

A display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosureincludes a display panel configured to display an image; a front memberon a front surface of the display panel; a supporting member on a rearsurface of the display panel; a supporting frame on a rear surface ofthe front member, the supporting frame configured to surround a sidesurface of the supporting member and support the supporting member; anda vibration generating module supported by the supporting member andconfigured to vibrate the display panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a driving circuit on a rear surface of thesupporting member and including a flexible circuit film, wherein theflexible circuit film is connected to the display panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the supportingframe includes a connection portion at a rear periphery portion of thefront member, the connection portion including an opening overlappingthe display panel; and a supporting portion protruding from an innersurface of the connection portion to the opening.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a pad part at one periphery portion of thedisplay panel; and a driving circuit on a rear surface of the supportingmember and connected to the pad part, wherein the supporting portionincludes first to third supporting portions protruding from second tofourth inner surfaces of the connection portion to the opening, but notprotruding from a first inner surface of the connection portion parallelto the one periphery portion of the display panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a pad part at one periphery portion of thedisplay panel; and a driving circuit on a rear surface of the supportingmember and connected to the pad part, wherein the supporting portionincludes first to third supporting portions protruding from second tofourth inner surfaces of the connection portion to the opening, but notprotruding from a first inner surface of the connection portion parallelto the one periphery portion of the display panel; and a plurality offourth supporting portions protruding from the first inner surface ofthe connection portion to the opening.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the drivingcircuit includes a plurality of flexible circuit films connected to thepad part; and each of the plurality of fourth supporting portionssupports a rear periphery portion of the supporting member between theplurality of flexible circuit films.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a driving circuit on a rear surface of thesupporting member and connected to the display panel; and a circuitprotection portion that covers a rear surface of the driving circuit.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a plurality of reinforcement portions inparallel with a first lengthwise direction of the supporting frame or asecond lengthwise direction perpendicular to the first lengthwisedirection, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement portions is ona rear surface of the supporting frame.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibrationgenerating module includes a first sound generator configured to vibratea first region of the rear surface of the display panel; and a secondsound generator configured to vibrate a second region of the rearsurface of the display panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the supportingmember includes a supporting plate at the rear surface of the displaypanel; a first accommodating portion in a first region of the supportingplate overlapping a first region of the rear surface of the displaypanel; and a second accommodating portion in a second region of thesupporting plate overlapping a second region of the rear surface of thedisplay panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a first heat dissipation member at the firstaccommodating portion; and a second heat dissipation member at thesecond accommodating portion.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a stiff portion disposed at the firstaccommodating portion and the second accommodating portion.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a stiff portion disposed between the firstaccommodating portion and the second accommodating portion.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a first heat dissipation member between thefirst accommodating portion and the stiff portion; and a second heatdissipation member between the second accommodating portion and thestiff portion.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a first heat dissipation member between thefirst accommodating portion and the stiff portion; and a second heatdissipation member between the second accommodating portion and thestiff portion.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a partition between the display panel and thesupporting member, wherein the partition is between a first region ofthe rear surface of the display panel and a second region of the rearsurface of the display panel.

A display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosureincludes a display panel configured to display an image; a front memberon a front surface of the display panel; a supporting frame on a rearsurface of the front member, the supporting frame including an openingoverlapping the display panel; a supporting member at the opening of thesupporting frame, the supporting member configured to surround a sidesurface of the display panel; a printed circuit board on a rear surfaceof the supporting member; and a vibration generating module supported bythe supporting member and configured to vibrate the display panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the supportingframe further includes a connection portion including the opening; firstto third supporting portions protruding from second to fourth innersurfaces of the connection portion to the opening, but not protrudingfrom a first inner surface of the connection portion parallel to oneperiphery portion of the display panel; and a plurality of fourthsupporting portions protruding from the first inner surface of theconnection portion to the opening.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a plurality of reinforcement portions inparallel with a first lengthwise direction of the supporting frame or asecond lengthwise direction perpendicular to the first lengthwisedirection, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement portions is ona rear surface of the supporting frame.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the supportingmember includes a supporting plate at the rear surface of the displaypanel; and a plurality of accommodating portions on the supportingplate, and the vibration generating module is supported by the pluralityof accommodating portions.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a stiff portion at the plurality ofaccommodating portions.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a stiff portion between the plurality ofaccommodating portions.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a heat dissipation member at each of theplurality of accommodating portions.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a stiff portion at the plurality ofaccommodating portions; and a plurality of heat dissipation membersbetween each of the plurality of accommodating portions and the stiffportion.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a partition between the supporting member andthe display panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the displayapparatus further includes a heat insulation member between thevibration generating module and the display panel.

A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includesa dashboard including a first region facing a driver seat; and aninstrument panel module including a first display in the first region ofthe dashboard, wherein the first display comprises a display apparatusincluding a display panel configured to display an image; a front memberon a front surface of the display panel; a supporting member on a rearsurface of the display panel; a supporting frame on a rear surface ofthe front member, the supporting frame configured to surround a sidesurface of the supporting member and support the supporting member; anda vibration generating module supported by the supporting member andconfigured to vibrate the display panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the firstdisplay outputs a sound based on a vibration of the display panel asvibrated by the vibration generating module.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the vehiclefurther includes a left front door, a right front door, a left reardoor, a right rear door, and a rear deco; and at least one of adashboard speaker on the dashboard, a left front door speaker at theleft front door, a right front door speaker at the right front door, aleft rear door speaker at the left rear door, a right rear door speakerat the right rear door, and a rear deco speaker at the rear deco.

A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includesa dashboard including a first region facing a driver seat, a secondregion facing a passenger seat, and a third region between the firstregion and the second region; an instrument panel module including afirst display in the first region of the dashboard; and an infotainmentmodule including a second display in the third region of the dashboard,a third display in the second region of the dashboard, a fourth displayon a rear surface of the driver seat, and a fifth display on a rearsurface of the passenger seat, wherein at least one of the first tofifth displays comprises a display apparatus including a display panelconfigured to display an image; a front member on a front surface of thedisplay panel; a supporting member on a rear surface of the displaypanel; a supporting frame on a rear surface of the front member, thesupporting frame configured to surround a side surface of the supportingmember and support the supporting member; and a vibration generatingmodule supported by the supporting member and configured to vibrate thedisplay panel.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the at leastone of the first to fifth displays outputs a sound based on a vibrationof the display panel as vibrated by the vibration generating module.

A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includesa dashboard including a display apparatus including a display panelconfigured to display an image; a front member on a front surface of thedisplay panel; a supporting member on a rear surface of the displaypanel; a supporting frame on a rear surface of the front member, thesupporting frame configured to surround a side surface of the supportingmember and support the supporting member; and a vibration generatingmodule supported by the supporting member and configured to vibrate thedisplay panel.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations may be made in the present disclosurewithout departing from the technical idea or scope of the disclosures.Thus, it may be intended that embodiments of the present disclosurecover the modifications and variations of the disclosure provided theycome within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display apparatus, comprising: a display panelconfigured to display an image; a supporting member at a rear surface ofthe display panel; a supporting frame surrounding at least one sidesurface of the supporting member; and a vibration generating modulesupported by the supporting member, the vibration generating modulebeing configured to vibrate the display panel, wherein the supportingmember is configured to support a rear surface of the vibrationgenerating module between the display panel and the supporting frame. 2.The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the supporting frame isconfigured to cover at least three surfaces of a rear periphery portionof the supporting member.
 3. The display apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe supporting frame includes a supporting portion configured to coverat least three surfaces of a rear periphery portion of the supportingmember.
 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the supportingframe includes an opening accommodating the supporting member; and thesupporting member is configured to accommodate at the opening of thesupporting frame.
 5. The display apparatus of claim 4, furthercomprising a front member at a front surface of the display panel,wherein the supporting frame comprises: a connection portion at a rearperiphery portion of the front member; and a supporting portionprotruding from an inner surface of the connection portion to theopening overlapping the display panel, and wherein the supportingportion is configured to cover at least three surfaces of a rearperiphery portion of the supporting member.
 6. The display apparatus ofclaim 5, wherein the supporting portion includes first to thirdsupporting portions protruding from second to fourth inner surfaces ofthe connection portion to the opening, and wherein the first to thirdsupporting portions overlap the rear periphery portion of the supportingmember.
 7. The display apparatus of claim 5, wherein the supportingportion includes: first to third supporting portions protruding fromsecond to fourth inner surfaces of the connection portion to theopening; and a plurality of fourth supporting portions protruding from afirst inner surface of the connection portion to the opening, andwherein the first to third supporting portions and the plurality offourth supporting portions overlap the rear periphery portion of thesupporting member.
 8. The display apparatus of claim 7, furthercomprising: a driving circuit at a rear surface of the supportingmember, the driving circuit including a plurality of flexible circuitfilms connected to the display panel, wherein each of the plurality offourth supporting portions is between the plurality of flexible circuitfilms.
 9. The display apparatus of claim 8, wherein each of theplurality of fourth supporting portions is configured to support therear periphery portion of the supporting member between the plurality offlexible circuit films.
 10. The display apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe supporting member comprises: a supporting plate to cover at the rearsurface of the display panel; and at least one or more accommodatingportions configured at the supporting plate to accommodate the vibrationgenerating module.
 11. The display apparatus of claim 10, wherein thesupporting plate is configured to support the rear surface of thevibration generating module between the display panel and the supportingframe.
 12. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the supportingmember comprises: a first accommodating portion at a first region of therear surface of the display panel; and a second accommodating portion ata second region of the rear surface of the display panel, and whereinthe vibration generating module comprises: a first sound generator atthe first accommodating portion to vibrate the first region of thedisplay panel; and a second sound generator at the second accommodatingportion to vibrate the second region of the display panel.
 13. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 12, further comprising: a first heatdissipation member at the first accommodating portion; and a second heatdissipation member at the second accommodating portion.
 14. The displayapparatus of claim 12, further comprising a stiff portion at the firstaccommodating portion and the second accommodating portion.
 15. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 14, further comprising: a first heatdissipation member between the first accommodating portion and the stiffportion; and a second heat dissipation member between the secondaccommodating portion and the stiff portion.
 16. The display apparatusof claim 12, further comprising a stiff portion between the firstaccommodating portion and the second accommodating portion.
 17. Thedisplay apparatus of claim 16, further comprising: a first heatdissipation member between the first accommodating portion and the stiffportion; and a second heat dissipation member between the secondaccommodating portion and the stiff portion.
 18. The display apparatusof claim 1, further comprising a partition between the display panel andthe supporting member, wherein the partition is between a first regionof the rear surface of the display panel and a second region of the rearsurface of the display panel.
 19. The display apparatus of claim 1,further comprising a plurality of reinforcement portions at a rearsurface of the supporting frame.
 20. A display apparatus, comprising: adisplay panel configured to display an image; a supporting member at arear surface of the display panel and including at least one or moreaccommodating portions; a supporting frame at a rear surface of thesupporting member; and a vibration generating module supported by thesupporting member, and configured to vibrate the display panel andaccommodate in the at least one accommodating portions, wherein thesupporting frame includes an opening accommodating the supportingmember, and wherein the supporting member is configured to accommodateat the opening of the supporting frame.
 21. The display apparatus ofclaim 20, wherein the supporting frame further comprises: a connectionportion including the opening; and first to third supporting portionsprotruding from second to fourth inner surfaces of the connectionportion to the opening, and wherein the first to third supportingportions overlap a rear periphery portion of the supporting member. 22.The display apparatus of claim 21, wherein the supporting frame furthercomprises a plurality of fourth supporting portions protruding from afirst inner surface of the connection portion to the opening, andwherein the first to third supporting portions and the plurality offourth supporting portions overlap the rear periphery portion of thesupporting member.
 23. The display apparatus of claim 22, furthercomprising: a driving circuit at a rear surface of the supportingmember, the driving circuit including a plurality of flexible circuitfilms connected to the display panel, wherein each of the plurality offourth supporting portions is configured to support the rear peripheryportion of the supporting member between the plurality of flexiblecircuit films.
 24. The display apparatus of claim 21, further comprisinga front member at a front surface of the display panel, wherein theconnection portion is connected to a rear periphery portion of the frontmember.
 25. The display apparatus of claim 20, wherein: the supportingmember includes a supporting plate at the rear surface of the displaypanel; the supporting plate is configured to support a rear surface ofthe vibration generating module between the display panel and thesupporting frame; and the at least one or more accommodating portions isconfigured at the supporting plate to accommodate the vibrationgenerating module.
 26. The display apparatus of claim 20, wherein the atleast one or more accommodating portions comprises: a firstaccommodating portion at a first region of the rear surface of thedisplay panel; and a second accommodating portion at a second region ofthe rear surface of the display panel, and wherein the vibrationgenerating module comprises: a first sound generator configured tovibrate the first region of the rear surface of the display panel; and asecond sound generator configured to vibrate the second region of therear surface of the display panel.
 27. The display apparatus of claim26, further comprising: a first heat dissipation member at the firstaccommodating portion; and a second heat dissipation member at thesecond accommodating portion.
 28. The display apparatus of claim 26,further comprising a stiff portion at the first accommodating portionand the second accommodating portion.
 29. The display apparatus of claim20, further comprising: a plurality of reinforcement portions inparallel with a first lengthwise direction of the supporting frame or asecond lengthwise direction perpendicular to the first lengthwisedirection, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement portions is ata rear surface of the supporting frame.
 30. A vehicle, comprising: adashboard including a first region facing a driver seat; and aninstrument panel module including a display at the first region of thedashboard, wherein the display comprises the display apparatus ofclaim
 1. 31. The vehicle of claim 30, wherein the display is configuredto output a sound based on a vibration of the display panel as vibratedby the vibration generating module.
 32. A vehicle, comprising: adashboard including: a first region facing a driver seat; a secondregion facing a passenger seat; and a third region between the firstregion and the second region; an instrument panel module including afirst display at the first region of the dashboard; and an infotainmentmodule including: a second display at the third region of the dashboard;a third display at the second region of the dashboard; a fourth displayat a rear surface of the driver seat; and a fifth display at a rearsurface of the passenger seat, wherein at least one of the first tofifth displays comprises the display apparatus of claim
 1. 33. Thevehicle of claim 32, wherein the at least one of the first to fifthdisplays is configured to output a sound based on a vibration of thedisplay panel as vibrated by the vibration generating module.
 34. Thevehicle of claim 32, further comprising: a left front door; a rightfront door; a left rear door; a right rear door; a rear deco; and atleast one of: a dashboard speaker at the dashboard; a left front doorspeaker at the left front door; a right front door speaker at the rightfront door; a left rear door speaker at the left rear door; a right reardoor speaker at the right rear door; and a rear deco speaker at the reardeco.
 35. A vehicle, comprising: a dashboard including the displayapparatus of claim
 1. 36. A vehicle, comprising: a dashboard including afirst region facing a driver seat; and an instrument panel moduleincluding a display at the first region of the dashboard, wherein thedisplay comprises the display apparatus of claim
 20. 37. The vehicle ofclaim 36, wherein the display is configured to output a sound based on avibration of the display panel as vibrated by the vibration generatingmodule.
 38. A vehicle, comprising: a dashboard including: a first regionfacing a driver seat; a second region facing a passenger seat; and athird region between the first region and the second region; aninstrument panel module including a first display at the first region ofthe dashboard; and an infotainment module including: a second display atthe third region of the dashboard; a third display at the second regionof the dashboard; a fourth display at a rear surface of the driver seat;and a fifth display at a rear surface of the passenger seat, wherein atleast one of the first to fifth displays comprises the display apparatusof claim
 20. 39. The vehicle of claim 38, wherein the at least one ofthe first to fifth displays is configured to output a sound based on avibration of the display panel as vibrated by the vibration generatingmodule.
 40. The vehicle of claim 38, further comprising: a left frontdoor; a right front door; a left rear door; a right rear door; a reardeco; and at least one of: a dashboard speaker at the dashboard; a leftfront door speaker at the left front door; a right front door speaker atthe right front door; a left rear door speaker at the left rear door; aright rear door speaker at the right rear door; and a rear deco speakerat the rear deco.
 41. A vehicle, comprising: a dashboard including thedisplay apparatus of claim 20.